The OG GO REGACORK: Irrigation and fertilization of plants during the dry season led to an increased growth rate and the creation of a greater number of branches on the tree trunk. Under normal conditions, trees are pruned with the aim of creating better conditions for cork and acorn production, also allowing more sunlight to reach the ground, making it available for agricultural or livestock activities, and creating a tree with a single trunk, few branches, and, most of the time, with 2, 3, or 4 branches, evenly spaced, between the height of 2 and 3 meters. In the REGASUBER case study, the pruning applied was like that carried out on high-quality timber trees, prioritizing the formation of a single straight trunk, without branches, and leaving most of the branches that are in the horizontal position, cutting any branch inserted into the main trunk at an acute angle. Another issue to consider when pruning cork oaks in irrigation and fertilization systems is that the operation needs to be carried out annually to ensure that the tree trunks maintain a good shape. The results are not yet fully understood, as the trees have not reached adulthood, but it is expected that the trees will grow taller, the trunk diameter will be larger, and with a straight shape. https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/en/find-connect/projects/rega-de-precis%C3%A3o-de-sobreiros-em-modo-de-produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o.html, contact: goregacork@uevora.pt

The multi-actor "Agroforestry in Austria" network consists of stakeholders interested in agroforestry. In the project six farms established agroforestry systems on their land. As there are only few agroforestry examples in Austria, these farms are agroforestry pioneers and serve as important examples of agroforestry to other farms interested in establishing agroforestry practices on their farm. The benefits of the agroforestry network include serving as a contact point for questions and issues related to agroforestry, enhance interest and demand from practitioners, awareness among decision-makers for agroforestry as a land management option and pulling relevant agroforestry knowledge for Austria together. Also networking and opportunities to meet like-minded people can increase certainty of farmers to implement agroforestry systems. Besides the network serving as a knowledge transfer point for practical, scientific and advisory expertise, foreign know-how is channeled and made available to Austrian stakeholders. Communication activities are therefore a key to the network. The “Agroforestry in Austria” Network is developed by the operational group Agroforst in Österreich (Agroforestry in Austria): Theresia Markut, theresia.markut@fibl.org, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-NVTYmE4e7o (in German) 

Although agroforestry has a long tradition in the Netherlands, many practices have disappeared due to land consolidation and changes in agricultural practices. Experiment Agroforestry Noord-Holland has assessed current prerequisites for agroforestry including (i) inventory of existing opportunities, combining scientific and practical knowledge, (ii) developing a practical step-by-step plan for implementing agroforestry, and (iii) applying the plan to three test cases, which will serve as examples for other entrepreneurs. The design process of a step-by-step plan includes: (i) assess the current state of the farm and determine what should be retained or improved, (ii) define goals and ambitions, considering biodiversity, risk management, and product diversification, (iii) analyze the local environment, considering soil type, groundwater level, historical land use, nature goals, and land use regulations, (iv) design the agroforestry system, considering species selection, planting distances, and interactions between trees and crops, and (v) develop a revenue model by defining the target audience, customers, strategic partners, and sources of financing. Customization of the plan depends on e.g. farm type, size, landscape, and an entrepreneur's interests and skills. Experiment Agroforestry Noord-Holland: sijas.akkerman@mnh.nl, https://www.mnh.nl/project/voedselbossen-en-agroforestry/

Operational Group CO2 STORED in FOREST MANAGEMENT (MARCHE) created a platform for the voluntary sustainability credit exchange. The platform aimed at linking the demand and the supply of carbon credits deriving from Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) in a voluntary trading market for tonnes of stored carbon. The platform promotes the benefits of the forest certification according to SFM: the ability to store more carbon than unmanaged (i.e. uncut) and untended forests; contribution to climate change mitigation; prevention of natural and environmental hazards such as forest fires, hydrogeological disruption, soil erosion; the biodiversity and the landscape protection; tourist-recreational attractions and forest products and by-products, along with culture, traditions and work for skilled forest workers. Considering the ecosystem services, the active management actions lead to the absorption of several thousand tonnes of CO2, contributing in parallel to the creation of new business opportunities for forest managers. More information on this Italian OG could be obtained by contacting Mr. Marco Perrino, perrino@dream-italia.net or Ms. Solaria Anzilotti, solaria.anzilotti@unifi.it. Information is available on OG website also https://www.co2marche.it/

A farminar is a term composed of a blend of a "farm" and an "online seminar". In a farminar experts report directly from a farm, field or forest plot and present agroforestry work practices or equipment from practical relevance perspectives. As a dynamic knowledge transfer method, stakeholders can participate in farminars both on site and online and ask questions via chat. Farminars are also recorded and posted online. Agroforestry farminars facilitate knowledge transfer to various stakeholder groups, such as practitioners and government agencies. The farminar format has been originally formulated by an Austrian training institution for rural development. The agroforestry farminar is the first of its kind and it is developed by Agroforst in Österreich (Agroforestry in Austria), project coordinator Theresia Markut, theresia.markut@fibl.org, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9HwseLy14vw  (in German).

The SlideforMAP model, developed by ecorisQ, assesses the probability of shallow landslides triggered by rainfall on a regional scale, incorporating forest data for root reinforcement calculations. In the BIOSEIFORTE project, this model was used to evaluate the impact of land cover changes on slope stability in the Mt. Nerone area and to analyze current conditions during extreme rainfall events. The analysis emphasized the critical role of forests in stabilizing slopes through root reinforcement, particularly highlighting how increased forest cover has significantly reduced landslide susceptibility in vulnerable areas. By quantifying forests' contribution to slope stability, SlideforMAP provides essential insights for research and practical applications, aiding in understanding how environmental factors influence landslide dynamics at a regional level. This tool is crucial for guiding land use planning and offering quantitative information on an area's stability conditions. However, obtaining detailed data like accurate terrain models remains a challenge but is essential for enhancing the accuracy and effectiveness of slope stability assessments. Web: https://www.innovarurale.it/it/pei-agri/gruppi-operativi/bancadati-go-pei/biodiversita-e-servizi-ecosistemici-foreste-e-territorio. Contact info: Solaria.anzilotti@unifi.it

In the context of climate change, planting appears to be a major tool for guaranteeing the adaptation and sustainability of forests. Planting operations are recognised as arduous and give rise to work-related illnesses and accidents. The OG PIF (https://www.reseaurural.fr/centre-de-ressources/projets/plantations-innovantes-en-foret-innover-pour-installer-des-plantations) aimed to identify the phases of work carried out and to assess the arduousness of each of them, in order to target possible recommendations. The phases of making the hole and planting the seedling appear to be the most arduous and repetitive. Posture, but also repetitiveness are major factors in the arduousness. Preparing the planting site, when there are many stumps or coarse elements, directly facilitates the planter's work. Anticipation in the organisation of the work site can prevent difficulties in moving around and carrying heavy loads can decrease the workload. Another lever could be to optimise the planting tool, in particular the pickaxe. Following this study, technical sheets were drawn up to reduce the difficulty of the various stages encountered during a planting project. Contact: catherine.collet@inrae.fr

OG FuturForEst initiated controlled experiments called "islands of the future," testing ten new tree species across 70 2-hectare plots in public and private forests. These species, comprising five hardwoods and five softwoods, were chosen for their potential to withstand current and future climate conditions while producing quality timber. A survey identified and characterized 75 plots based on exposure, altitude, and soil type, with consistent land preparation procedures across all plots. The planting phase, conducted from November 2020 to January 2023, involved clearing vegetation, fencing plots, and manually potting plants at a density of 2,000 plants per hectare. Additionally, a maintenance and monitoring guide was developed to assist owners and managers in overseeing plantation development in the initial years. This initiative aimed to enhance the understanding of new species' behavior and adaptability in diverse forest station contexts. The network of islands facilitates long-term testing, providing insights into suitable silvicultural practices and species compatibility with various forest conditions. Moreover, the project fostered collaboration among different stakeholders, streamlining seed supply, processing, and nursery production efforts. Challenges such as seed and plant supply shortages, stemming from factors like poor fruiting and geopolitical issues, were acknowledged. The establishment of partnerships and the identification of common challenges among Franco-Belgian forest management organizations contributed to advancing forestry knowledge and adaptation strategies in the face of climate change. Contact: laetitia.poffet@onf.fr

The OG BioChestnut-IBM project focused on combating chestnut cancer, caused by the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, which poses a significant threat to chestnut trees in Portugal. After extensive research, it was found that using hypovirulent strains of this fungus was highly effective in treating the disease. Practical recommendations resulting from the project include conducting comprehensive studies on the population of C. parasitica, developing specific bioproducts to combat the disease, applying treatments with compatible strains, and continuously monitoring the effectiveness of these interventions. The success achieved is reflected in the treatment of 4028 chestnut trees and the recovery of 59452 chestnut trees, ensuring productivity for producers, as well as the sustainability and resilience of the high-value chestnut ecosystem in mountainous regions of Portugal. These practices establish a solid foundation for addressing future challenges related to chestnut cancer, ensuring the ongoing health and productivity of the trees. https://biochestnut.cncfs.pt/, contact: ana.santos@cncfs.pt

Forest biomass and carbon are pivotal for multi-objective forest management, aiding in carbon sequestration and balance assessments. Forests, as major carbon sinks, are crucial for reducing atmospheric CO2 and aiding climate change mitigation. Recent innovations demonstrate the effectiveness of 3D data from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in estimating forest biomass. In the GO-SURF project, photogrammetric data from UAVs equipped with RGB cameras at five sites (Vallombrosa, Monte Morello, Rincine, Grosseto, Maesano, and Pizzorne) have been key in deriving biomass predictors. This approach yielded high-resolution data, enabling the creation of a Canopy Height Model (CHM) normalized with regional LiDAR data. High-resolution biomass maps were then developed using forest inventory plots and detailed tree species maps. These maps were validated through ground surveys and incorporated into GO-SURF’s Decision Support System Platform, providing essential tools for comprehensive forest management planning and analysis. This resulted in the first high-resolution biomass map for the study area, which can be used in conjunction with additional layers derived in GO-SURF for various analyses in order to establish multi-objective forest management plans. The derived high-resolution biomass map is available within the Decision Support System Platform developed in the context of GO-SURF. https://www.innovarurale.it/it/pei-agri/gruppi-operativi/bancadati-go-pei/supporto-decisionale-alla-pianificazione-forestale

The OG NUTRISUBER: The analysis of soil samples collected in cork oak forests allows the understanding of the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil, along with foliar analysis, providing support for the recommendation of the most appropriate fertilization. Soil sample collection should be carried out in advance of fertilizer application, preferably during a period when the soil is sufficiently moist for this operation. If the terrain is not uniform, it should be divided into relatively homogeneous plots in terms of color, slope, drainage, and forest management type. To raise awareness among forest producers, a leaflet has been prepared, available in both paper and online formats, in an accessible and easy-to-understand language. The leaflet outlines when and how the analysis should be conducted, depending on the type of existing forest plantation: before planting, in a young plantation, in a mature plantation, or even in irrigated cork oak plantations. It also specifies the necessary equipment for proper sample collection and how to package and send them to the laboratory for obtaining results. https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/en/find-connect/projects/nutri%C3%A7%C3%A3o-e-fertiliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o-do-montado-de-sobro.html, contact: cristina.sempiterno@iniav.pt

The OG FERTIPINEA: The analysis of soil samples collected in stands of stone pine allows understanding of the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil, together with foliar analysis, providing support for the recommendation of the most appropriate fertilization. Soil sampling should be done well in advance of fertilizer application, preferably during a period when the soil moisture content allows for this operation. If the terrain is not uniform, it should be divided into relatively homogeneous plots in terms of color, slope, drainage, and type of forest management. Therefore, to raise awareness among forest producers, a brochure has been prepared, available in both paper and online formats, in accessible and easy-to-understand language. The brochure outlines when and how soil analysis should be conducted, depending on the type of existing forest stand: before planting, in a young stand, in a mature stand. It also defines the necessary equipment for proper sample collection and how to package and send them to the laboratory to obtain results. https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/en/find-connect/projects/nutri%C3%A7%C3%A3o-e-fertiliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o-do-pinheiro-manso-em.html, contact: encarnacao.marcelo@iniav.pt

Soil Carbon Credits are additional carbon credits that enhance ecosystem services, such as C stocking and improving rural economy, and SFM applicability. Soil Carbon Credits are additional carbon credits that enhance ecosystem services, such as C stocking and improving rural economy, and SFM applicability. AGB C was estimated in sample plots on an INFC model, BGB C was calculated using specific root-to-shoot ratios (RSR), dead wood by field analysis (measurements of the diameter of dead wood >2.5 cm and the classification based on decomposition classes on a transect) followed by the application of a function to calculate the C stored;  litter C stock through the ratio of organic C mass to surface area and SOC by a collection of composite samples taken at 3 different depths (0-5 cm, 5-15 cm, 15-30 cm)and  rock% and Bulk Density (BD) calculation, followed by SOC estimation through elemental analyzer. Thanks to this analysis it was possible to calculate the total C content of the forest ecosystems and compare the C storage capacity of conventionally managed forest plots (unmanaged or coppiced) and plots under SFM (transitional forest). SFM supports C storage in the various forest compartments, (soil, biomass and necromass) increases the provision of ecosystem services, and forest productivity, and contributes to climate change mitigation while providing support to the local rural economy. Contact: gregorio.fantoni@unifi.it

Italian Operational group GO.FOR.TRACK developed a decision support system to map forest resources. Besides being the source of natural raw materials, forests provide additional services, including habitats for biodiversity, purifying water, and regulating floods, carbon sequestration, provision of cooling effects, source of food, transition to a circular bioeconomy, and benefits to the overall society health. However, the economic aspect of sustainable forest management plays a crucial role in preserving rural areas through support to forest ecosystem services by developing methods for quantifying these ecosystem services. The latest information on the development of the carbon market and standardised methodologies for accurate quantification of carbon, or on the precise assessment of biomass and the identification of various types of forests, can be found on the following website https://www.innovarurale.it/it/pei-agri/gruppi-operativi/bancadati-go-pei/sviluppo-di-un-sistema-di-supporto-decisionale-la or could be obtained from Francesca Giannetti, francesca.giannetti@unifi.it

"CASTANIBUS brings together the CASTANI-CO and BIODIVERSAMENTE CASTAGNO projects, whose main objectives were to define and exchange" guidelines for the study, conservation and evaluation of chestnuts and the best type of management to obtain a quality product" and to regenerate the "culture of chestnut cultivation" and the role that the chestnut have as a quality product that can give revenue to be considered as "guardian of the mountain area". Castanibus was a two-day journey that brought together all the realities around the chestnut that worked for the protection and development of chestnut in the Apennine Peninsula, interesting in many aspects: carbon sequestration, biodiversity protection, and networking. The BUS allows the promotion of a proactive and constructive exchange between researchers, GO partners, farmers and regional officials, as well as the main players in chestnut production in Emilia Romagna. "The partnership between the actors of the operational groups has demonstrated the effectiveness of "networking", which is a fundamental condition for the exchange and practical integration of market needs with environmental and scientific innovation and human, historical, cultural and landscape heritage. https://www.innovarurale.it/it/pei-agri/gruppi-operativi/bancadati-go-pei/biodiversamente-castagno-linee-guida-la-preservazione-e, Solaria Anzilotti, solaria.anzilotti@unifi.it, Livia Vittori Antisari, livia.vittori@unibo.it 

The aim of the project was to set up a collective study shared by the scientific community and chestnut growers to find out about the genetic variability of chestnut germplasm and to enhance and promote the role of the chestnut grower as a 'guardian' of biodiversity and land protection. The scientific data collected characterised the genetic diversity of Emilia-Romagna's chestnut-growing heritage and the broad biodiversity and biofertility present in the soils, highlighting the genetic variability of the region's different varieties of chestnut fruit and identifying for each variety the most suitable soil characteristics for its cultivation. Varieties recognised as being at risk of extinction were placed in special catalogue fields at two actual partner companies that became their custodians. Subsequently, the quality of the organic substance was verified by applying indices that provide indications of the capacity of the soil to conserve or dissipate the organic carbon present. Thus, after specific sampling and analysis, the microbial biomass, metabolic quotient (qCO2), microbial quotient (qMic), mineralisation quotient (qM) and soil biological fertility index (IFB) were evaluated, to highlight alarm and early warning situations with regard to organic matter content and possible loss through mineralisation. In addition, soil and its biodiversity were studied using the biological quality index (QBS-ar) at some geo-pedologically different sites, suitably selected from those from which genetic material is taken. https://www.innovarurale.it/it/pei-agri/gruppi-operativi/bancadati-go-pei/biodiversamente-castagno-linee-guida-la-preservazione-e, Solaria Anzilotti, solaria.anzilotti@unifi.it 

CASTANI-CO promotes chestnut cultivation as a natural system suitable for carbon sequestration and a productive source of high-quality food (both for nutrition and the environment). Chestnut cultivation is typical of the hilly mountain environment of Emilia-Romagna and is deeply rooted in the culture and tradition of these areas. The main objective of the project was to monitor the carbon footprint of the chestnut orchard, which includes an assessment of the organic carbon sequestered in the soil and in the plants in relation to the soil environment and the different management practises of the chestnut orchard. Monitoring was carried out through field observations, soil studies, sampling and chemical analysis in chestnut groves of the partner companies located in different soil environments. Finally, 'Guidelines for the optimal management of chestnut groves to achieve a quality product and favourable carbon sequestration' were defined and distributed. Contact: Solaria Anzilotti (solaria.anzilotti@unifi.it) Livia Antisari (livia.vittori@unibo.it), https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/en/find-connect/projects/castani-co-%E2%80%9Cil-sequestro-di-carbonio-nel-sistema.html

Community forest arrangements are strategic tools in forestry for enhancing business networks and valuing agro-silvo-pastoral lands. They promote ecosystem services and conservation, recommended by the TUFF and other Italian legal provisions for collective forest management. These arrangements enable both companies and small forest owners to collaboratively manage forests, addressing challenges like owner absenteeism, land fragmentation, and gaps in forestry knowledge. Community forests facilitate a profit-sharing model developed by PRI.FOR.MAN, allowing profit distribution not just from timber but from multifaceted management aligning with stakeholder desires and regulatory frameworks. This model is sustainable economically—reducing costs and boosting profits; environmentally—ensuring proper forest management; and socially—supporting participatory management and helping sustain mountain populations. Challenges emerged during the project, including difficulties in engaging all forest owners and their hesitancy to delegate management long-term despite solid legal and technical frameworks. Owners preferred immediate high returns from selling timber or short-term contracts over potentially riskier long-term agreements. The PRI.FOR.MAN project drafted a profit-sharing contract yet to be adopted by owners. The ongoing NET4GO Project in Veneto aims to implement these innovations, moving towards practical applications. https://www.innovarurale.it/it/pei-agri/gruppi-operativi/bancadati-go-pei/gestione-condivisa-delle-proprieta-forestali

To monitor stress and the impacts of climate change on forests, there is a need to enhance the technical analysis skills of individuals involved in sustainable forest management. In recent years, various tools like Sentinel-2 satellite imagery have allowed for almost continuous monitoring of such stress. However, technological progress has not led to a real change because many technicians do not know how to use analysis tools, even simple ones. In this context, within the GO-SURF project, it was decided to organize a tailored 24-hour course to teach forest management technicians how to use these tools and the related GIS (Geographic Information System) tools for analysis. The course has been highly successful with over 50 participants enrolled. The course was structured with practical exercises conducted in classroom settings tailored to the forestry sector. In particular, the Google Earth Engine analysis platform and data easily implementable into the QGIS system were used. This enabled the transfer of analytical capabilities to the technicians who attended the course, many of whom had no prior knowledge of the potential of these tools. The technicians emphasized that courses of this kind are crucial, especially in a forestry context. The strength of the course lay in its practical aspect, with exercises specifically designed to address forestry-related scenarios. Contact: francesca.giannetti@unifi.it

Duglasia seedlings are usually purchased from foreign nurseries, which does not guarantee their suitability for the Tuscan environment. It is therefore important that the FRM seedlings have a high phenotypic, genetic and adaptive quality and are suitable for the Tuscan areas. In order to qualify the regional chain of forest nurseries for the production of Douglas fir planting material, it is important to introduce innovation and quality into the Tuscan chain of nurseries for this species. With the technical support of CREA-FL (Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria Foreste e Legno), the Do.Na.To OG  has created two clonal seed orchards at two different altitudes for the conservation of Douglas fir germplasm derived from the material of the best phenotypes of the IUFRO field trial with provenances and progenies in Faltoni (Arezzo) and Vallombrosa (Firenze), representing a reference for the ex-situ germplasm bank at national and international level. The clones obtained from the top phenotypes were collected from the highest branches of the tree crowns and used in the seed orchards. These grafts will ensure the conservation of Douglas fir germplasm and the medium and long-term supply of genetically tested propagation material. Genetic conservation and the production of high-quality propagation material are very important for Douglas fir. It is important to reduce the possibility of pest introduction through the FMP and to ensure the conservation of locally adapted genetic material, especially in the current context of climate change. https://www.innovarurale.it/it/pei-agri/gruppi-operativi/bancadati-go-pei/douglasiete-naturali-toscane, Solaria Anzilotti solaria.anzilotti@unifi.it

In the Italian and European context, there is an increasing demand for forest and agroforestry companies to focus on multifunctionality. Furthermore, in recent years, the possibility of certifying some ecosystem services and multifunctional services has emerged. The first step toward certification is to have a sustainable forest management plan that details these aspects. In the case of the GO-SURF project, to obtain spatial data covering the entire forested areas within the project intervention zones, a fixed-wing UAV was used to derive some of the multifunctionality indicators. High-resolution orthophotos, for instance, were utilized to map forest types linked to biodiversity and conservation. Infrared orthophotos were employed to identify the presence of standing deadwood, which serves as a proxy for biodiversity analysis related, for example, to saproxylic insects. Additionally, roads and trails were mapped to identify potential tourist routes. The UAV has enabled the accurate mapping of some of these indicators, which are subsequently integrated into the decision support system. These data can be used to develop multifunctional and multi-objective management plans. The cost of the UAV used for mapping is indeed quite high, but companies have the option to collaborate with service providers rather than purchasing one themselves. The generated data, however, are crucial for developing multi-objective management plans. Compared to traditional survey methods, these data save time in terms of fieldwork. The use of this data also provides standardized information across the entire area, which is valuable for working towards certification of ecosystem services. https://www.innovarurale.it/it/pei-agri/gruppi-operativi/bancadati-go-pei/supporto-decisionale-alla-pianificazione-forestale

The Common International Classification System of Ecosystem Services (CICES) classifies ecosystem services into provisioning, regulation and maintenance, and cultural groups, assessable both physically and economically. In GO-FORTRACK, spatial methods were used to quantify physical aspects like carbon, biomass, and forest types, aiding in prediction, regulation, and maintenance. These maps were integrated into a decision support system, facilitating access for forest managers at the parcel scale, and aligning with Italian forestry laws mandating individual parcel descriptions for management plans. This approach streamlines report generation, saving time and reducing costs associated with plan development. This straightforward report automation tool allows forest managers to save time on report and plan writing, which can then be allocated to other forest management-related activities. It can significantly reduce the costs associated with the drafting and development of a forest management plan. Additionally, the availability of various maps within the system aids in the analysis of plan objectives and interventions, providing a more detailed knowledge framework. https://www.innovarurale.it/it/pei-agri/gruppi-operativi/bancadati-go-pei/sviluppo-di-un-sistema-di-supporto-decisionale-la

The OG GO GEOSUBER: The cork oak, managed in agroforestry systems such as the "Montado" or "Dehesa", produces several products and services essential for landscapes, environments, and economies. However, challenges such as climate change, pests, diseases, and poor management practices threaten its vitality and distribution. Addressing these issues requires resilient approaches and transitioning to ecosystems adapted to future conditions. Forest policies and management should prioritize maintaining ecological functions, promoting genetic diversity, and improving ecosystem fitness. Recommended management practices include reducing the impact of operations and climate change on soil and nutrient cycles, promoting natural regeneration, or utilizing plants adapted to harsher environments, reducing stand density, and promoting heterogeneity. Additionally, studying cork oak growth and survival in different regions is crucial for informed decision-making in planting efforts. https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/en/find-connect/projects/geo-suber-monitoriza%C3%A7%C3%A3o-do-montado.html, contact: mcssilva@unac.pt

This OG was established to develop a prototype cross laminated timber panel made from local timber to improve the sustainability of buildings’ construction. All efforts were focused on the assessmentthe  of technological and economical feasibility of cross-laminated timber panels (CLT) production in Catalonia by using local timber. A prototype panel was manufactured in real industrial production conditions and enabled the measuring of the processing performance and the preparation of the wood (sanitisation, planning, drying), the quality of the manufactured product and its strength. Based on the technical results and the obtained economic and market information, the pros and cons were identified for the production of local timber CLT in Catalonia. In order to reach relevant data, the project analysed CLT manufacturing technologies, design procedures and building construction. Moreover, factories, CLT machining centres, adhesive producers and specialised industrial machinery manufacturers in Europe were visited. To find out more information about activities and results, contact grupboix@grupboix.com or visit the web site https://www.arescat.cat/es/2018/11/23/arescat-participa-en-lo-proyecto-desarrollo-de-un-panel-prototipo-de-madera-laminada-cruzada-con-madera-local-para-mejorar-la-construccion-de-edificios-en-temas-de-sostenibilidad/

The OG TCA aims to develop innovative systems to remove unwanted aromas from cork stoppers, enhancing the competitiveness of the cork industry. Key recommendations include using recovered activated carbons for removing defective aromas, applicable in both aqueous and dry environments, with a shelf life exceeding six months. The objective is to tackle the competition from alternative stoppers by reducing issues associated with aromas. Results encompass two effective aroma removal systems, one for natural cork stoppers and another for agglomerated cork, capturing 50-95% of undesirable compounds under laboratory conditions. These systems, based on adsorbents with high affinity for aromas, promote efficiency without major alterations to existing processes. (https://www.icsuro.com/projectes/sistema-deliminacio-dhaloanisols-tca-i-altres-aromesdefectuosos/) (https://www.icsuro.com/la-bioabsorcio-daromes-suro) contact: jpuig@ollerfco.com

The OG TEb Verd / BoletBenFet aimed to diversify edible mushroom cultivation in Catalonia by incorporating native and lignicolous species. Cultivation methods were established for eight species, including some never cultivated, such as Fistulina hepatica and Lyophyllum decastes. A culture bank with 120 strains was created for future research. Seed production was made viable for 11 species. Nutrient and cytotoxicity analyses are in progress. Though the complete cultivation cycle has yet to be achieved for Laetiporus sulphureus, interest in the species persists, with ongoing research. Diversifying mushroom cultivation promises to increase diversity and commercial supply, giving local producers a competitive advantage and opening new export opportunities. Cooperation between companies, research centers, and governmental support was crucial for the project's success. (https://www.irta.cat/ca/el-cultiu-dels-bolets-de-soca-autoctons-cami-de-ser-una-realitat/), contact: tebverd@teb.org

Consultation among stakeholders in Normandy's five areas, under the Forestry Territory Charter (CFT), highlighted the necessity for coordinated action and transparency in forest management. EUROFORNORM aimed to establish a regional forest network, with a focus on climate change's impact on Normandy's forests. "Forestiers, à vous de jouer" (Foresters, it's your turn to play) serves as an educational tool, a board game designed to educate primary school students about forest management and climate change adaptation. The game, distributed to 200 schools in Normandy, complements other educational initiatives like the "1000 communes, la forêt fait école" program. Feedback from teachers using the game has been positive, emphasizing its engaging nature and rich educational content, enabling students to learn about forest management and climate change adaptation in Normandy's forests. https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/en/find-connect/projects/euro-fornorm-14-50-61-emergence-et-animation-d%E2%80%99un.html, laure.ferrier@communesforestieres.org

The main recommendations of the OG OTR include assessing oxygen transfer during cork production, applying control measures based on results, and preparing a catalogue of corks with different transfer rates. Objectives involve understanding the effect of oxygen transfer rate on wine and fostering relations between the cork sector and winemaking industry. Results emphasize selecting the appropriate cork type to control wine aging and adjusting production for consistent oxygen transfer. For more information, you can consult the following link: https://icsuro.com/ contact: teresa@jvigas.com

In carbon credit additionality projects, it is essential to use precise quantification methods to avoid incorrect estimations. The CO2MARCHE Operational Group developed an international methodology based on the IPCC standards as a reference for the quantification of carbon credits. Level of the carbon credits accuracy was improved through linking the international ICPP methodology with a site-specific methodology developed within the OG. CO2MARCHE also contributed to development of the national certification standard of PEFC for carbon credits applicable for the sustainably managed forests. The project activities and achieved results proved that active forest management generates additionality and, consequently, carbon credits. All efforts conducted by the CO2MARCHE, contributed to the establishment of the National Carbon Credit Registry in Italy. More information on these amazing achievements could be found on PGs web site https://www.co2marche.it/ or by contacting the CO2MARCHE team Marco Perrino, perrino@dream-italia.net, Antonio Brunori, info@pefc.it, and Francesca Giannetti, francesca.giannetti@unifi.it 

The project "Sustainable Bee Forest" develops and implements a new forest management concept that improves the habitat of flower-pollinating insects during reforestation and afforestation. Besides wood production, emphasis is placed on the production of honey and other non-wood forest products including berries and nuts in bee-friendly forest habitats. The project aims at building better linkages between profitability and conservation aspects of forest management. At the same time, the aim is to diversify and generate new income sources from non-wood forest products for forest owners, many of which are challenged with forest dieback due to climate change. The product innovation – honey, berries, and nuts from managed forests with bee-friendly species – is based on a solid research base. The OG “Sustainable Bee Forest” conducts monitoring and evaluation studies and collaborates with the University of Göttingen to analyze the economic potential of honey as a non-wood forest product. Such research is lacking in the region and is needed for creating a solid knowledge base for interested forest owners, forest managers, and administration. The new business models based on non-wood forest products in the state of Hesse in Germany are developed by OG Bienwald: Comunis Projektbüro, Judith Treis, info@comunis-projektbuero.de, www.bienenwald-hessen.de

Pine pitch canker, caused by the fungus *Fusarium circinatum*, poses significant risks in plant nursery operations by impacting seed availability and plant health. To combat this, the project developed standard procedures for disinfecting seeds, plant containers, and irrigation water, with findings detailed in a manual that outlines the most effective techniques. Testing across various pine species (*Pinus pinaster, Pinus pinea, Pinus radiata, Pinus sylvestris*), the project evaluated treatment success based on fungal presence post-treatment, germination rates, and plant size. Effective lab-tested methods were then applied in nurseries to assess real-world applicability.

Seed disinfection is critical to prevent fungal spread in nurseries. Successful seed treatments included:

- Heating water to 60°C and immersing seeds for 15 minutes.

- Soaking seeds for 30 minutes in 20% hydrogen peroxide.

- Immersing seeds for 5 minutes in 60% ethanol (70% for *P. pinea*).

- Soaking seeds for 5 minutes in a 1.9g per liter Captan solution.

For plant containers, a 30-minute soak in 20% hydrogen peroxide proved most effective without harming plant growth. Water disinfection involved treating storage reservoirs with either 1% Desogerme or 4% Hydrocare solutions. Additionally, alternatives to pine bark—which may harbor the fungus—were tested for soil porosity. Suitable substitutes include perlite (up to 30%), polystyrene foam grains (8-12mm), ADT cork grains (1-2mm), and ""falca"" shredded cork (up to 15%). These materials offer comparable benefits without the disease risk. https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/en/find-connect/projects/desenvolvimento-de-estrat%C3%A9gias-integradas-para.html

Extreme weather conditions are strongly influencing the agriculture and agroforestry sectors, which consequently increases the importance of new innovative solutions to mitigate that impact. Hence, the OG NEWTON - Agroforestry Network in Tuscany evaluated different microclimatic conditions in a linear planting with rows of hybrid biomass poplars combined with maize with the aim to promote agroforestry practices in Tuscany as a strategy for the sustainable agricultural intensification supporting the economic and environmental sustainability. Linear planting with rows of hybrid biomass poplar trees associated with maize was used to evaluate the effect of microclimatic conditions on the crop's water status and production. OG dedicated efforts analyse the potential of cropping systems to mitigate the climate change impact. Implemented process innovation resulted with very interesting data on numerous factors which you can find out here https://gonewton.it/. But if you want to learn more about this amazing work done by the OG NEWTON, please contact azienda@tenutadipaganico.it

The OG NEWTON: The main recommendations of this study on silvopastoral management in Italy include the need for careful management of grazing livestock, adapted to the specific characteristics of each forest area. Balanced integration between agropastoral and silvicultural needs is also recommended, aiming to promote sustainable forest regeneration. The objectives of silvopastoral management should be clearly defined, considering the vegetative phase of tree population and soil conservation. Results indicate that a livestock load of approximately 0.30 LU is compatible with tree vegetation development and soil conservation, but this value should be assessed in conjunction with forest management objectives. Overall, the research highlights the feasibility of coexistence between sustainable forest management and grazing, provided there is integrated planning that considers the needs of both activities. https://www.innovarurale.it/it/pei-agri/gruppi-operativi/bancadati-go-pei/network-lagroselvicoltura-toscana,  contact: solaria.anzilotti@unifi.it

The GO INGECA: During the INGECA project, chestnut producers shared experiences on innovations, and approaches to managing and producing chestnut groves, as well as exploring specific aspects such as grafting, pruning, and disease control. The activities were very helpful in engaging chestnut producers and demonstrating the effectiveness of grove management which is also economically and environmentally sustainable. The project began in 2020, right at the beginning of the Covid19 pandemic crisis, so it was decided not to conduct remote dissemination activities, but rather to wait for the end of pandemic restrictions. This favored personal contacts, allowing participants to learn about important realities of chestnut cultivation at regional and extra-regional levels, as well as practical demonstrations in the field. The chestnut production sector faces many difficulties due to environmental, social, and economic factors. These knowledge-sharing activities are essential for establishing lasting relationships among the various stakeholders in the production chain and for building stable networks capable of operating even after the project ends. https://www.innovarurale.it/it/pei-agri/gruppi-operativi/bancadati-go-pei/strategie-innovative-basso-impatto-la-gestione-delle, contact: solaria.anzilotti@unifi.it

The OG GO GEOSUBER: The project has developed an online tool to identify dead cork oaks using satellite images, crucial for fulfilling bureaucratic procedures in Portugal. It has been proven that the secondary growth of the tree begins with the blooming of new leaves. With this statement, we can hypothesize that cork cambium also begins its activity at the same time. Water availability is the factor determining the duration of time when secondary growth is active. The model created detected tree vitality with accuracy ranging from 85% to 70%, with better accuracy in September and October. The further development of the tool for practical use is recommended, as it can provide forest owners with vital information about the health of their properties and facilitate forest management adapted to climate change, as well as requiring specific calibration for each study area. This tool has huge potential in Portugal, as identifying the location of dead cork oaks is necessary to fill out the necessary documentation for cutting down dead cork oaks. https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/en/find-connect/projects/geo-suber-monitoriza%C3%A7%C3%A3o-do-montado.html, contact: mcssilva@unac.pt

Decision Support Systems for Forestry (DSSF) are recognized as vital tools for implementing sustainable forest management and providing multiple ecosystem services. Despite past disappointments due to complexity, GO-SURF adopted a participatory approach in developing DSS, ensuring dialogue among stakeholders and aligning the system with users' actual needs. The development process focused on four key components: problem analysis, knowledge management, results presentation, and development language, with each phase guided by a participatory approach. Stakeholder involvement was critical in identifying target users and their needs, shaping the knowledge system, and guiding technical implementation. The application includes a web-based Geographic Information System (Web-GIS) interface to streamline spatial analysis and report generation. In the GO-SURF project, stakeholder participation improved FDSS outcomes, although the participatory approach requires time, resources, and stakeholder agreement on objectives. Establishing an Operational Group within the PEI-AGRI initiative facilitated stakeholder involvement from the project's inception, ensuring alignment in process objectives. This participatory approach enhances the relevance and effectiveness of decision-making tools in sustainable forest management, bridging the gap between research and practical application and ensuring the adoption of user-friendly systems tailored to stakeholders' needs. Contact: francesca.giannetti@unifi.it

Forest producers and industries in Portugal are concerned about losses in pine nut production due to biotic agents such as Leptoglossus occidentalis, the pine cone weevil, and the pine cone moth. This project aims to develop integrated management processes to control these damages and minimize losses. Activities include determining the level of damage, identifying flowering stages associated with pests, selecting bioactive compounds, developing traps and attractants, evaluating silvicultural management, and testing beneficial insects. The project dissemination will be carried out through various means such as workshops, conferences, demonstration units, and technical materials. For more information, you can consult the following link: https://www.unac.pt/index.php/id-i/grupos-operacionais-accao-1-1-pdr2020/pinhao

Operational Group +PINHÃO aimed to develop diagnostic and monitoring processes for determining the impact of pests on the production of pine cones and pine nuts, with emphasis on the pine cone sucker (Leptoglossus occidentalis) as the basis for the integrated management of the biotic agents associated with pine nut production losses. The objective of this project was to identify the biotic entities (pests and diseases) that affect the development of the plants and the pine nut production, describing the ways to detect them, and which management practices could be applied for their control. OG members identified three major pests (Western conifer seed bug (Leptoglossus occidentalis H.); Pine cone moth (Dioryctria mendacella S.); Pine cone weevil (Pissodes validirostris S.)) and developed the pest control methods for each entity. More details are available on https://www.unac.pt/index.php/id-i/grupos-operacionais-accao-1-1-pdr2020/pinhao or by contacting mrbranco@isa.ulisboa.pt

The importance of communication in the management of Douglas fir forests has proved crucial for the dissemination of knowledge and innovation in Tuscany. As part of the Do.Na.To. OG, Compagnia delle Foreste, a company specialising in the forestry sector, was responsible for communication in order to reach as many stakeholders as possible through various information products and platforms. In particular, it took care of the image of the operational group and provided information on the activities carried out and the results achieved through: Website, newsletter, brochures, interviews and videos. The Accademia dei Gergofili also organised three conferences to publicise the initial, intermediate and final results of the project through the publication of minutes. In addition, a series of guided tours were organised in Germany, where demonstration plots were presented in order to gain new knowledge about the management of Douglas fir and to exchange with experts from other European countries. This was very important to illustrate the medium to long-term effects of the silvicultural protocols applied and to obtain detailed information on the potential impacts of Douglas fir management. https://www.innovarurale.it/it/pei-agri/gruppi-operativi/bancadati-go-pei/douglasiete-naturali-toscane, Solaria Anzilotti solaria.anzilotti@unifi.it

The CO2 Marche project facilitated Group Certification among forest owners, uniting public and private efforts to simplify Sustainable Forest Management Certification processes and reduce costs. This approach allows multiple forest owners to be certified as a group, with a Lead Partner overseeing compliance with certification requirements. The 'Bosco di Marca' forest consortium, spanning 9208.25 ha, successfully obtained PEFC Group Certification within the project. Forest Group Certification offers various benefits, including increased carbon storage, prevention of forest fires and hydrogeological instability, soil erosion mitigation, biodiversity protection, and improved water and air quality. It also contributes to climate change mitigation, landscape enhancement, and enhanced tourism services. The project also focused on promoting sustainable credit exchange and creating employment opportunities, particularly in areas affected by the 2019 earthquake. The certification underscores the economic value of forests, demonstrating how they can serve as both environmental and economic assets. Forest owners can quantify carbon storage and sell credits to organizations seeking to offset their emissions, thereby sustaining forest communities and preventing abandonment of inland areas. This group certification model resulted in the largest certified area in central Italy, showcasing the potential of collaboration between public and private entities to achieve common objectives. https://www.innovarurale.it/it/pei-agri/gruppi-operativi/bancadati-go-pei/calcolo-e-certificazione-del-sequestro-del-carbonio

To effectively plan forest operations and optimize resource allocation, it is important to map the Growing Stock Volume (m3/ha) within a specific area. This information plays a critical role in economic evaluations of forest operations and supporting forest management planning. These mappings have been successfully implemented throughout the Tuscany Region as part of the GO-SURF initiative. By utilizing data from the National Forest Inventory plots, a high-resolution map of Growing Stock Volume has been generated for all regions in Tuscany. This technology reduces the costs associated with data acquisition and also grants small forest owners access to this invaluable information. Additionally, forest companies seeking suitable forests for logging purposes can benefit significantly from these comprehensive maps. The resulting map is conveniently accessible through a Decision Support System Platform, empowering users to query the data through interactive tools like drawing or uploading polygons. The way to query the data was co-designed with farmers, forest owners, forest managers and forest companies in order to be sure to fit their needs. Accessing the map does not require users to have knowledge of complex models and algorithms, knowledge of remote sensing data or national inventory data. As suggested by forest owners, managers, and companies involved in the co-design of the platform, the Growing Stock Volume map allows for a better understanding of wood resources within an area and is useful for assessing forest operations and management activities in a sustainable way. Francesca Giannetti (francesca.giannetti@unifi.it), website: https://www.go-surf.it/, video: https://youtu.be/tIyNjOTKPXY

The aim of the GO-FORTRACK project is to develop and test a structured, modular decision support system that simplifies the implementation of precision forestry. This system will enable the transfer of research-based practices to forest sector enterprises, including technologies such as geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing, spatial modelling of forests, and computer algorithms integrated into decision support systems. In this context, the OG worked to develop the growing stock map of forest resources. This mapping is important to determine the variability within each individual forest stand and area. For this purpose, an area-based approach was used, combining the field plot data obtained from the forest management plans with freely available remote sensing data such as the multi-temporal Sentinel-2 products and GEDI lidar. In this way, a map of the amount of the growing stock was created and integrated into the GIS decision support system. This map can be used for future forest management planning. The data used for mapping the volume of growing stock already available in the companies, as it was collected for the forest management plans required by the Calabrian regional law. However, for more accurate maps, it would have been better to use a sampling scheme that also takes into account the variability of the remote sensing variables. Nevertheless, the system, which relies exclusively on freely available data, makes it possible to map the volume of wood and analyse the variability within a forest plot. Francesca Giannetti, francesca.giannetti@unifi.it

UNDERCORK is an operational group dedicated to the integrated management of the oak borer developing a strategy to detect, monitor and control the attack of Coroebus undatus F. This species attacks various deciduous trees such as Quercus spp. (oak), Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech), Castanea sativa M. (chestnut) and Corylus avellana L. (hazel), which indicates the importance of project activities. Through the project activities, damage, signs and symptoms of the presence of this insect were identified, before and after the attack, which helped clarify some of the knowledge that forest workers and landowners previously had about this species. It is very difficult to know whether a tree is attacked or not, so some techniques have been tested and the results are as follows:

- the method without harmful effects included the application of an acoustic detector tool; however, very poor results were achieved. The reason for this was that in field tests the tool did not detect a very low noise level, due to the small size of the larvae and their low activity in combination with the excellent sound insulation properties of cork.

- cork sampling is the second tested method that gave the best results. This technique is proposed to monitor the presence and intensity of attacks in the forest. 

You can find more information at www.unac.pt/index.php/id-i/grupos-operacionais-accao-1-1-pdr2020/undercork, or by contacting mcssilva@unac.pt

The aim of the OG RAISON project is to evaluate the economic and silvicultural benefits of managing young deciduous stands using low-density designation and routing compared to conventional forest management through full thinning. The selected plot is in the region of Valdalliere and covers an area of 1.31 ha. The main tree species is beech (75 %), which is planted with chestnut (25 %).  Two successive reserve markings were made on the plot, the first on the beech trees and the second on the future stems. The plot was divided into 4 blocks of 0.3 ha each, where different management methods could be tested. Management method ''A'' was based on full thinning, ''B'' on low-density marking (QD silviculture) and pruning, ''C'' on low-density designation and girdling, and ''D'' was a control method without intervention. None of the methods were repeated. The data will be analysed to determine if the interventions maintain growth and if the initial diameter accurately reflects growth vigour, to determine the effects of the interventions on the quality of the target trees, and to quantify tree balance parameters. Finally, the time and cost of the interventions and the revenue generated are monitored" 35 to 40 "potential" trees have been identified and marked. They are monitored individually until the final harvest, ideally with measurements first every three years and then before each thinning. It is desirable that the monitoring of such a trial continues until the stand is harvested. Of course, the trial will also provide results well before the harvest, but these will only relate to the measured period. More information : https://hautsdefrance-normandie.cnpf.fr/projet-raison, romain.mani@cnpf.fr

The OG Oak Regeneration aimed to understand and promote the natural regeneration of cork oak and holm oak forests. One of the main identified threats was the lack of natural regeneration, exacerbated by climate change and inadequate management practices. Partnerships with producers and agroforestry associations were established, implementing 14 demonstration areas to monitor regeneration dynamics. Recommendations included temporarily excluding agricultural and grazing activities in specific areas to allow for natural regeneration. Results revealed that while fruiting and germination phases did not pose significant issues, the main obstacle occurred in the transition from initial regeneration to growth into mature trees. The results highlighted challenges in the transition from initial regeneration to growth into mature trees. As a key outcome, a Management Techniques Manual for Natural Regeneration Areas was developed, available online and in physical format, to guide agroforestry producers on best management practices. This manual aims to improve understanding and implementation of techniques that favor natural regeneration, protecting and promoting biodiversity and economic sustainability of cork oak and holm oak forests. (https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/en/find-connect/projects/oak%C2%AEegeneration.html), contact: augusta.costa@iniav.pt

Black truffle production in Catalonia is with high economic potential.  One problem to be solved in trucficulture is crop irregularity. As a major difference from the cultivation of trees for biomass,  in this case, we work with a much more complex interaction between the tree and the rhizosphere. However, the increase of monospecific plantations (generally holm oaks) can cause an increase in certain diseases and pests that decrease the production of truffles. Management of the rhizosphere can contribute to the general improvement of plant vigor and its tolerance to biotic factors without the need to use phytosanitary products. In this project researchers evaluated the capacity of different organic substances and rhizobacteria, some isolated from wild truffles (Vilanova et al 2013) with the intention of improving the biotic and abiotic conditions of the rhizosphere, considering the presence and availability of nutrients. The follow-up of the fungus response was carried out in collaboration with IRTA, using the technology and results of the innovative pilot project. These techniques are based on quantitative PCR and allow  to determine the mycelium biomass of a fungal species, in this case Tuber melanosporum, in a soil sample (Parladé et al. 2013).  There is not enough data to extract solid conclusions. Contacts: https://boscat.cat/#contact Contact information: marcosmorcillo@micofora.com

In Catalonia, companies involved in logging and related services only use plastic cables to a very limited extent, as they are subject to high wear and tear, which shortens their lifespan, and generate high procurement costs, up to two or three times higher than those of steel. The sector has informed us that this wear and subsequent breakage occurs mainly on the last few metres of the synthetic cable. It is therefore hypothesised that the service life of the cable would be extended if the wear could be reduced only on these last few metres. To make this possible, a bond between the synthetic material and the steel is proposed, with the steel in the last few metres of the cable. In this way, the wear would be largely concentrated on the steel and not on the synthetic part. The difficulty is to create a connection that is effective when harvesting the wood. It must be resilient, adaptable to the machines used and relatively easy to implement. The aim is to improve the synthetic cable by introducing new tools and techniques to facilitate its use. The aim is to promote the synthetic cable and its advantages beyond it's technical and economic limits and to achieve positive results that ensure that the combination of synthetic steel and synthetic cable extends the life of the synthetic cable and further reduces the limits mentioned above. For more information, you can visit the following link: https://www.grupboix.com/en/cooperation-for-innovation-improving-the-union-between-steel-wire-rope-and-synthetic-wire-rope-mucas/, grupboix@grupboix.com

The main objective of the innovation is to develop diagnostic and monitoring processes to assess the impact of pests, especially Leptoglossus occidentalis, on pine cone and pine nut production. Expected results include characterizing regional production cycles, quantifying pest damage, identifying vulnerable phenological stages and beneficial biotic agents, as well as developing prevention and control strategies. Preliminary results reveal the presence of fungi such as Diplodia sapinea and Sydowia polyspora in both mature and immature pine cones, with indications of early infection by Sydowia polyspora in the pine's phenological cycle. However, the complete dynamics of these diseases will require additional evaluations. For more information, you can consult the following link: https://www.unac.pt/index.php/id-i/grupos-operacionais-accao-1-1-pdr2020/pinhao

The OG GO REGACORK: Cork production has been declining in quantity and quality over the last decades due to inadequate management practices, biotic factors, and more severe climatic conditions. This project aimed to study fertigation in cork oak forests to increase the profit of stakeholders and create a simple guide for landowners to follow. The results were compiled into chapters available online and in print and later distributed free of charge to forest owner associations and various related entities, allowing the information to reach landowners. It was a rich experience in knowledge sharing, as different companies, institutions, and landowners were involved in this project. Connections and communication among the different stakeholders were key factors in the success of this project. All results from the various case studies led to the creation of different scientific articles, thus sharing the findings with the academic and scientific community. The creation of manuals, easily accessible to landowners, allowed them to replicate the experiments and see the results for themselves under different plantation and location conditions. https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/en/find-connect/projects/rega-de-precis%C3%A3o-de-sobreiros-em-modo-de-produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o.html, contact: goregacork@uevora.pt

OG SINGULARWOOD introduces innovation in products, processes and marketing in local woods with special, greater value-added characteristics to the Catalan market. The project aims to introduce a different concept to the formats of planks in standard dimensions available in large retail outlets, and to offer a product that has been minimally pre-processed and dried under ideal conditions to ensure optimal technological quality. The idea is to introduce this product to the retail market (wood craftsmen, cabinetmakers, carpenters, decorators, architects, surveyors, etc.), which has been identified as a "market niche". Through this project, the improvement of the economic results of forestry operations is expected, as well as the provision of the opportunity for forest owners to expand the range of added value in new markets (packaging and/or bioenergy). Furthermore, the improvement of the competitiveness for two groups of forest producers (Forestal de Catalunya, SCCL and Agrupació Forestal del Montnegre Corredor) through application of new processes for production of added value products for new local markets. The established "SingularWood" business initiative facilitates marketing and adds value to the woods from Catalonia's forests with special and unique features. More information can be found on FUSTES LOCALS - Posem en valor fusta de característiques especials i seva singulars (https://singularwood.cat/) website or through direct contact cooperativa@forestal.cat

Traditionally, fruit tree crop phytosanitary control relied on canopy spraying, leading to environmental dispersion, long application times, poor absorption, and limited efficacy against pests. This method is impractical for chestnut groves due to plant size. Endotherapy offers an efficient alternative, regardless of tree height or location, with faster application and no product dissipation. Treatment of a single tree takes about 10 minutes, enabling a chestnut farmer to treat a grove in 1-2 days. The device operates without electricity, drastically reducing water usage (a few ml per tree). Costing around 1300 €, it's paired with a commercial Thrichoderma package (~200 €), lasting 5+ years. Bite technology penetrates trees with minimal damage, promoting rapid absorption during the vegetative season. This instrument has proven effective in disease control, with minimal environmental impact and reduced application time. Collaboration among chestnut growers could mitigate the high initial cost through joint purchases. website: https://www.psingeca.it/it

The atomization of land ownership and the need for a tool to facilitate the management of parcels requires the development of a digital tool to facilitate this management. The Smallholdings Management Platform proposes a range of innovative solutions, such as preliminary information on the characteristics of the plots in terms of their dendrometric potential and their production potential. The platform is an online tool designed to facilitate the management of agricultural and forestry plots and to help owners manage their land and connect with other owners with whom they wish to collaborate, whether by linking up or by buying, selling, exchanging or renting land. You can use this platform to manage your rustic plots, both agricultural and forestry land and network with other owners. The tool can analyse the inventory, stocks and profitability of the owner's holdings using tabular and geographic tools and display them in a map viewer. It promotes the exchange or swap of holdings, favouring collective management. Registers parcels. Provides information on fire risk and territorial zoning, and information on forest fire damage coverage. Information on hazard periods to regulate use and authorization applications. The user has access to cadastral parcels throughout Spain, to the publication service for parcels and to a geographical viewer with information about their parcel. roberto.rubio@cesefor.com, https://gestion.minifundio.es/

The SISE platform is an automated logistics warehouse for chip distribution, which allows quality chips to reach all points of the region, thus optimising the biomass distribution chain and reducing the CO2 footprint from transport. The SISE platform has a storage capacity of 190 m3 chips. The chips are supplied in 90-m3 trailer trucks from the main production plant in Celrà. Next, small, authorised local trucks (30-40 m3 ) are responsible for local distribution from the SISE platform to the end customer’s silo. The SISE platform works without personnel thanks to an automated system that allows the persons responsible for transport, whether loading or unloading the chips, to work without additional help. The platform automation provides significant flexibility in wood chip delivery times to customers’ silos, as it depends only on local carriers unloading over short distances. Automation and absence of staff with the SISE platform means a monitoring system had to be developed which was capable of predicting and managing demand, learning automatically as the platform delivers chips to customers, thereby optimising the transport flow to ensure the silo always has enough chips.  The most conclusive end result from the SISE platform shows that this new logistics distribution model reduces CO2 emissions by over 110%. Contacts: salaforestal@salaforestal.com

The project on “Integrated management of resources (water and soil) in nuts production” focused on soil and water management and soil fertilization in four nut-producing species: chestnut, almond, hazel and walnut. The project also aimed to evaluate the effect of different natural and sown plant covers on nut crops to select the type of cover crop(s) best suited to each crop. Whereas traditionally, nuts are produced in dry conditions, without a special focus on soil management, fertilization, irrigation and varieties, climate change and profitability requirements create a need for applied research, field experiments and farmers' engagement. The project stated the importance of knowing site characteristics:  a) in soil with poor drainage it is not possible to establish a nut orchard- improve draining capacity; b)  pH can impose the most constraints to the development of nuts- correct according to the species needs; c) correct availability of organic matter;  d) correct phosphorus content while correcting the ph. Alternative nutrient sources, more frequent foliar and soil analysis, adapted irrigation systems, and biodiversity pastures are among the other most suitable practices to improve nut production. Integrated management of water and soil related to nuts production (chestnut, almond, hazel and walnut) is developed by OG EGIS: ana.santos@cncfs.pt, https://egis.cncfs.pt/projeto

Portuguese Operational Group GI (PIN) developed the Integrated Management of the Pine Forest/Pine wood Nematode. Aiming at overcoming the constraints caused by Pine wilt disease (PWD), project activities combined new forms of forest management, fight, methods of early detection of infected trees and decrease their impact, control over the natural dispersion of the insect vector, reduction of costs for disease control actions and contribution. All mentioned was used for restoring the confidence of landowners in the maintenance, plantation and management of new areas of maritime pine. The project also analysed different factors, such are the types of trees that can be infected, the influence of forest fires on the natural dispersion of PWN, the emergence and flight of the vector under different climatic conditions, the risk of forest operations during their flight period and creation of zones of active containment to avoid the dispersion of PWN to the non-infected pine forests. The applied approach resulted in some respective conclusions which are publicly available at https://inovacao.rederural.gov.pt/images/imagens/Docs_GO/29-_OG_GI_PIN.pdf or https://federacaoflorestal.pt/. Additionally, you can contact OG on fnapf.geral@gmail.com

The OG MIKOGEST highlights the importance of sectorial associationism to professionalize the mycological sector. It proposes the creation of the Inter-territorial Association of Wild Mushroom Harvesting Professionals to coordinate activity, provide training, and ensure species conservation. Objectives include professionalizing harvesters, securely identifying edible species, and preventing indiscriminate collection. The association aims to promote the economic and social interests of harvesters, both individually and collectively. Additionally, a one- to two-year accompaniment period is recommended to ensure the success of established partnerships. This effort aims to address challenges such as lack of coordination among involved sectors and resource dispersion to unregulated sales channels, thus providing more effective and sustainable management of the mycological resource. The website  https://seteros.es/ (https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/en/find-connect/projects/grupo-operativo-go-mikogest-%E2%80%98gesti%C3%B3n-din%C3%A1mica.html), contact: montse.ganado@cesefor.com

In southern Europe, maritime pine resin is one of the main non-timber forest products. One of the aims of GO ACREMA (https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/en/find-connect/projects/adaptaci%C3%B3n-de-la-actividad-resinera-masas-de-pino.html) in Spain was to create a dynamic model to estimate the accumulated resin yield during the resin production season. A decision support system has been developed, consisting of two parts : an interactive simulator with the production models and a web GIS with the auxiliary variables and resin production maps. These models were implemented in a web tool accessible to all users, in order for them to obtain an estimate of the resin production within their plot. In addition, the production maps elaborated in the interactive application can be consulted on the web GIS. Maps were drawn up for each area of action, and the maximum yields obtained were indicated. The yields were classified according to a stratified scale in four groups, in which darker colors indicate a higher maximum resin. The results of this study make it possible to add the cumulative annual resin yield of maritime pine to the processes that the Bertalanffy- iRichards equation is capable of modeling. The great versatility of these models will be of great use to the forest manager in optimiszing the annual harvesting season as well as to the scientific community. Contact: erikamc@foresin.com

Operational Group from France, the SPNA devoted efforts to developing precision silviculture in Nouvelle-Aquitaine.  The operational group promoted the Low carbon label (LBC) as part of the national forest carbon offsetting framework. The reason for developing the Low carbon label lies in carbon sequestration, an ecosystem service benefiting the whole society. Previously gathered data and measurements were utilised in the framework of the SPNA project to derive information on the "carbon balance" of local forests. The LBC is applied as the French standard for carbon offsetting projects but also to label the contribution of companies and communities to CO2 sequestration in the forest. Moreover, some regions use the LBC in their promotion activities directed toward preservation and the renewal of local natural resources. More information on carbon stock calculations, methods and results of the conducted studies can be found on the following website https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/en/find-connect/projects/sylviculture-de-pr%C3%A9cision-en-nouvelle-aquitaine.html or directly contacting the Operational Group representative Mr. Olivier Gleizes olivier.gleizes@cnpf.fr

The OG NEWTON: The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of semi-extensive Maremma beef cattle breeding highlighted crucial recommendations for mitigating environmental impact. Diversifying forage, including herbaceous and shrubby resources, and reducing dependence on cereals, is essential to promote growth and reduce animal farm residence. The presence of trees in pasture not only reduces animal heat stress but also significantly contributes to carbon sequestration, offsetting greenhouse gas emissions, especially enteric methane. This improves not only animal welfare but also offers economic and environmental benefits. However, careful livestock load management is crucial to avoid overloading the system. In summary, implementing silvopastoral practices can result in more sustainable and resilient production, with positive impacts on both the environment and the economy. (https://www.innovarurale.it/it/pei-agri/gruppi-operativi/bancadati-go-pei/network-lagroselvicoltura-toscana), contact: solaria.anzilotti@unifi.it

This OG has developed a versatile long logging trailer that is suitable for transporting long as well as short logs, thanks to adjustable bunks that can be moved closer to or away from the lifting crane as needed. Otherwise, crane cannot balance short logs and reach far end of the trailer. This innovation addresses another issue: the seasonal imbalance in transportation resources. In Latvia, the timber industry faces a 50% transportation capacity shortfall in winter, contrasting with a nearly 50% surplus in summer. OG’s solution leverages the underutilized truck fleets of agricultural businesses during their off-season. Many agricultural trucks, equipped with dump trailers for autumn grain transport, sit idle for parts of the year or are occasionally used for hauling mineral materials for summer road projects. By attaching the logging trailer to these trucks, they can be repurposed for log transport in winter, optimizing their use year-round. The business model offers flexibility. For example, a forestry company could own the logging trailer and rent it out to address transportation shortages during peak demand periods. This approach not only maximizes the utility of existing vehicles but also provides a strategic advantage by aligning resource availability with seasonal demands. https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/en/find-connect/projects/inovat%C4%ABvi-risin%C4%81jumi-lauksaimniec%C4%ABbas-un.html, guntars.reinfelds@selflogistic.lv, n.krumins@gmail.com

OG FAGUS implemented project Adding value to beech trees through innovation and improving the competitiveness of their forest industry value chain which resulted with development and testing of innovative LVL product using beech veneer from Spain. Aim was to reevaluate the beech wood value chain. LVL is a product that consists of the successive stacking of thin layers of wood, veneers, obtained by unrolling. Obtaining the material in this way has the following implications:

- Beech veneers used for the manufacture of LVL was the raw material of high-quality logs, large diameters, straight, with little taper and knots in order to obtain an adequate yield, volume and quality during unrolling. For this reason, it is to be expected that the manufacture of structural products with peeled veneer will offer superior properties to sawn timber of the same species.

- Bending tests have been carried out on small dimension and structural size specimens, as well as tensile tests perpendicular to the fiber. The results of the tests are satisfactory and encouraging, achieving good mechanical properties that indicate that the raw material is suitable for the production of this product. Comparing the properties of LVL tested in bending with those of sawn timber from the same source, the results have been improved in both bending strength and stiffness.

More information can be obtained by contacting joseluis.villanueva@cesefor.com or by visiting https://gofagus.es/ website.

The management of stone pine forests faces important challenges and threats, including biotic and abiotic factors. The aim of OG PINEA (https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/en/find-connect/projects/mejoras-e-innovaci%C3%B3n-en-la-producci%C3%B3n-de-pi%C3%B1%C3%B3n.html) in Spain is to provide forest management guidelines for natural stands and plantations already in production and for the installation of new stands with suitable conditions, with the objective of maintaining and improving pine nut production and contributing to the development of its value chain. 3 typologies of pine cone stands and plantations were defined. This manual has a didactic and introductory function to inform practitioners about the management of stone pine stands, whether they come from plantations or natural stands. Each stand has particular conditions in which its management will depend on the objective of the stand and its conditioning factors, so it is advisable to contact forestry engineers who are experts in stone pine silviculture so that they can carry out a study and/or give advice for the specific case of the stand in question. This work is a first step to assess in a quantifiable way the interest of recovering production in non- or poorly managed P. pinea plantations. The work will have to be continued for at least two more seasons. Contact: montse.ganado@cesefor.com

In GO-SURF, using a decision tree algorithm that uses as input data the growing stock map and forest types, the different wood assortments were calculated. This enables the creation of a map on which potential timber assortments are identified. The decision tree algorithm used the regional information on wood assortment to calculate the different assortment. The map is implemented in a decision support system and at the level of the forest parcel/stand, the map indicates the percentage of the volume of growing stock for each potential wood assortment, such as pellets, wood chips, firewood, poles and beams. This map is a valuable tool for forest managers in assessing the economic value of a forest before it is sold. The system is accessible via a simple polygon format on the user interface. Francesca Giannetti, francesca.giannetti@unifi.it

Mapping forest trails is important for various aspects of sustainable forest management. In this context, it is crucial to accelerate the mapping of existing forest roads and identify potential problems. It is also necessary to determine which means of transportation can be used on these roads. In this context, GO-SURF has mapped the existing roads in its test areas using GNSS receivers and classified them based on their functionality, and identifying any maintenance issues. The result was a mapping of the existing road network and its condition, which is a prerequisite for identifying additional roads/trials to be opened in the forest. Through the use of low-cost GNSS receivers and/or the development of mobile applications, it is indeed possible to map the forest road infrastructure quite easily. Unfortunately, due to the lack of management over the last 30 years, some old paths and trails have been lost in some areas. This discrepancy has resulted in a reduced level of existing and usable road infrastructure for tourism purposes compared to what was expected based on regional technical maps. https://www.innovarurale.it/it/pei-agri/gruppi-operativi/bancadati-go-pei/supporto-decisionale-alla-pianificazione-forestale, Francesca Giannetti, francesca.giannetti@unifi.it

The Operational Group Forest management systems in quality timber-producing forests (SiGCa, https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/en/find-connect/projects/sigca-sistemas-de-gesti%C3%B3n-forestal-en-bosques.html) is launching a project to increase the competitiveness of the forestry and industrial sector related to maritime pine, through innovation throughout the value chain, applying knowledge and technologies, planning and executing forest management, and standardising procedures with the ultimate aim of launching high added value timber products on the market, improving profitability and, consequently, strengthening the sector and making it more competitive. For this purpose, SiGCa is launching the PiMa project, which will make new proposals to improve the dynamics of forest and industrial management of the entire sector related to maritime pine (Pinus pinaster subsp. atlantica) timber. The results of this initiative could affect the future management of more than 700,000 hectares of maritime pine, which serves an industrial sector of around 400 companies. PiMa-SiGCa aims to establish the necessary improvements so that this industry can be supplied with higher quality wood that will guarantee them to a greater extent the possibility of manufacturing and developing technological products highly demanded by today's society. Contact: joseluis.villanueva@cesefor.com

The OG SUBER, from 2018 to 2020, aimed to improve cork extraction efficiency by focusing on mechanization and modernization of the process. Key recommendations included the introduction of electrical machinery and enhancing health and safety practices. The main objective was to make cork extraction more attractive and safer, addressing challenges such as the scarcity of skilled labor and an ageing workforce. Results highlighted a mechanical guide for cork extraction as the main achievement. The future path involves raising further awareness of occupational safety, professionalizing the sector, and ensuring support to enable technological advances, with the goal of completely phasing out manual extraction methods. (https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/en/find-connect/projects/grupo-operativo-resinlab-para-la-creaci%C3%B3n-de.html), contact: m.bejarano@trevincaingenieria.com

The OG ACREMA's main recommendations are to improve resin extraction methods, such as the use of the borehole at height method, which has been shown to increase yields of P. pinaster and P. radiata. The objectives focus on obtaining a purer raw material with less physical effort and greater efficiency. The results indicate that the borehole at height method outperforms other traditional techniques in terms of yield, even without the application of stimulants. However, high punch productions stand out, especially in non-stimulated trees, reaching productions of 1,796 g for P. pinaster and 1,162 g for P. radiata. This method proves particularly effective in stands intended for mechanical debarking. However, long-term studies are needed to validate the effectiveness of these methods in different scenarios, considering environmental and human variables. Effective communication between field workers and researchers is crucial to ensure the credibility of the data and the realistic implementation of research projects. (https://eu-cap-network.ec.europa.eu/projects/adaptaation-resin-activity-pinewoods-wood-producing-purposes_en), contact: erikamc@foresin.es

The mechanized resin extraction method is an innovation based on collecting resin with a closed resin collecting system. After incisions of 6 cm in diameter are drilled in a tree, a connector with a hermetic bag is introduced, which will allow the resin to be collected with high purity. To improve resin production, a stimulant is applied to the collection surface. The drilling operation will be repeated over the tapping season about 6 times every 21 days on average depending on site conditions. The main advantages of this method are (i) resin with a higher turpentine content and a lower percentage of contaminations, (ii) elimination of pre-extraction debarking tasks, (iii) simplification of worker training which facilitates the incorporation of new resin extraction workers, (iv) reduction of physical effort which facilitates the incorporation of women, and (v) greater compatibility with timber harvesting and thinning activities. The main disadvantages of the mechanized method are (i) higher investment in materials (bags, stimulants, drill), (ii) management of waste (bags and connectors), (iii) lack of industrial development for the processing of resin contained in bags, and (iv) lower resin production yield (grams/tree). The mechanized resin extraction system originates in the USA and it is adapted to conditions in Spain by GO RESINLAB: aida.rodriguez@cesefor.com, https://vimeo.com/754512934/3447f5cb73

The ClimCast project has established a chestnut demonstration network in Portugal to study chestnut production under different climatic and soil conditions. Its objectives were: (i) to characterize the evolution of soil and climate conditions in the main producing regions in terms of chestnut production potential; (ii) to identify varieties best adapted to future climatic conditions; (iii) to develop tools for estimating future production; (iv) to develop a manual of good chestnut cultivation practices to be adopted by producers; (v) to create an alert network for chestnuts. The results highlighted the strong influence of weather conditions on chestnut production, as well as the vulnerability of chestnut trees to water and heat stress. Key recommendations include identifying varieties adapted to future climate conditions, developing tools for estimating future production, and creating a manual of good cultivation practices. Additionally, the development of climatic models to predict chestnut productivity and map climatic suitability for production was proposed. These measures aim to mitigate the impacts of climate change on chestnut production and improve the sector's resilience. https://www.citab.utad.pt/projects, contact: gpereira@utad.pt

Mobile biochar kiln is an innovation for biochar production in situ on farms. Although the kiln has been developed for transforming wood residues from chestnut cultivation into biochar, it can be used for other types of wood residues as well. The input material for carbonization can be wood with varying diameters and lengths cut approximately to one meter, or other wood residues coming from the chestnut cultivation or other sources, such as pruning residues of fruit trees or residues of silvicultural operations. Carbonization takes place at a low to medium temperature (below 500 °C) which gives a higher biochar yield compared with rapid and/or high temperature pyrolysis systems. Biochar can be used on the farm or sold, becoming an additional source of income for the farm. Mobile biochar pile prototype is developed by OG INGECA: Solaria Anzilotti, Salvatore Moricca, Rodolfo Picchio, https://www.psingeca.it/it

The GO UNDERCORK is the operational Group for the integrated management of Flathead Oak Borer encompassing the development of strategies to detect, monitor, and control the attacks of Coroebus undatus F. This species attacks many different broadleaf trees, such as Quercus spp. (Oaks), Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech), Castanea sativa M. (Chestnut) and Corylus avellana L. (Common hazel) which implies the importance of project activities.

The work identified the damage, signs and symptoms expected from this insect presence, before and after the attacks. Clarifying some common knowledge forest workers and landowners previously had about this specie. It is very hard to know if the tree is being attacked or not and some techniques were tested, and the results are the following:

- an acoustic detection tool was used as a non-destructive method; however, the results showed a low success. The reason for this was, that in field trials very low noise or no noise at all was not detected by the tool, the suggested explanation was the tiny size of the larvae and its low activity in conjunction with the great soundproof qualities of the cork.

- sampling of the cork was another tested method tested that gave the best results. This technique is the one suggested to be used to monitor the presence and intensity of attacks in the forest.

More information can be found www.unac.pt/index.php/id-i/grupos-operacionais-accao-1-1-pdr2020/undercork or by contacting mcssilva@unac.pt

To make apple production profitable the focus has to be on quality and value chain rather than tonnage. The profitability for the farmers in the project comes from the connection to an enterprise producing high value ice cider and operating in a global premium market. The project aims to develop new cultivation methods, new varieties, planting arrangements and management options to meet the demands of a new kind of buyer that rewards quality over quantity. This inspires farmers to go beyond business as usual in their operations and traditional agriculture in the area. Each farmer also finds their own way of managing their apple orchard – the whole idea is to learn new things for the future and do observations to do things better in terms of growing apples with high sugar content suitable for ice cider production in Northern Europe. The long-term goal of the project is to contribute to climate resilient sustainable agriculture and to create favourable partnerships between farmers and food processing companies to develop further products in local, regional and global markets. The new and innovative cultivation methods of highly productive apples are developed by “Commercial productive apple growing in a northern climate – innovation for new climate resilient agriculture in northern Europe” project in Sweden: Daniel Pacurar (danielpacurar@borealorchards.se), https://www.brannlandcider.se/om-oss/vara-odlingar/commercial-productive-apple-growing-in-a-northern-climate/

The Gosuber project, developed from 2018 to 2020, aimed to improve cork harvesting efficiency and establish procedures for quality classification. Its main recommendations include the application of information technologies in subericulture for more effective management of cork oak forests. Results were consolidated into a guide detailing the studies conducted and their applications in cork classification. The potential for technological innovation to determine cork qualities in the field promises to democratize product sales standards. (https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/en/find-connect/projects/go-suber-modernizaci%C3%B3n-global-del-sector-de-la.html), contact: m.bejarano@trevincaingenieria.com

The GO Olival: In the Southern European region, including Portugal, climate change is severely impacting olive production. To mitigate these effects, new management practices have been proposed. Seven objectives have been outlined, including the assessment of different soil compositions, biological residues, bio-stimulants, genetic varieties of olive trees, and chemicals for inducing drought resistance. Results indicate that using leguminous plants as soil cover protects against erosion, increases organic matter, boosts nitrogen deposition, and, since they have a short cycle, competition for water doesn't occur during the driest period. Early spring herbicide use has also proven to be one of the most effective practices, in reducing water competition. Additionally, the use of mycorrhizae fungi has been shown to increase plant growth and resilience to drought, while abscisic acid improves drought tolerance and olive tree recovery capacity. Implementing these practices is recommended to enhance production system performance, maintain, or improve soil quality, and reduce olive tree susceptibility to pests and diseases, crucial in the face of climate change. https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/en/find-connect/projects/novas-pr%C3%A1ticas-em-olivais-de-sequeiro-estrat%C3%A9gias.html, contact: appitad@capmail.com.pt

The Auvergne Promobois inter-professional association (FIBOIS AURA www.fibois-aura.org) works on the LVL (Laminated Veneer Lumber) in Silver fir to achieve the expected quality and the setting up of the manufacturing in Auvergne region. Furthermore, the association FIBOIS AURA identified added value potential for Silver fir - outlets for peeling as well as for small sections thus reducing the difficulties associated with drying. The FIBOIS AURA was supported by two companies C.B.D and Scierie Borie. Along the way, TOUBOIS Company located in Chasseneuil sur Bonnieure strengthened the partnership by bringing the equipment capable of peeling very large fir wood with diameters of up to 1.20 meters. Only exotic wood peelers can meet this demand and there are few of them on French territory. An international market study was carried out on the basis of specifications and the demand for service providers. The specific needs for the trees to be harvested have been defined: cutting plots were visited and trees were marked with the sawmill technicians according to quality needs. The fir logs are classified upon their arrival at the park in the sawmills. The identified and sorted logs are then transported to the peeling company TOUBOIS. 2000 veneers were selected and sent from the TOUBOIS company to the Raute company in Finland for monitoring and analysis of each stage of LVL manufacturing. For more information, contact e-mails are contact@fibois-aura.org and a.laffont@fibois-aura.org

Douglas fir has wood with physical-mechanical characteristics that vary depending on its origin, altitude, silvicultural treatments, and other conditions. The project aimed to enhance its profitable use in the forest supply chain through accurate classification and identification of various potential uses. A rapid analysis method was developed to classify Douglas fir roundwood for structural purposes, allowing it to be assigned to different categories based on its quality. This facilitated the production of high-quality sawn timber for various purposes such as construction, carpentry, and packaging. Innovation activities focused on transferring expertise to assess wood quality, aiming to integrate the forest-wood chain and increase its profitability. Additionally, the strengths of the local Douglas fir supply chain in the Tuscany region were highlighted, including the availability of local resources, changes in the global wood market, and research and innovation expertise in the region. This could contribute to creating a more robust and competitive local supply chain for Douglas fir. https://www.innovarurale.it/it/pei-agri/gruppi-operativi/bancadati-go-pei/douglasiete-naturali-toscane, solaria.anzilotti@unifi.it

The objective is to design and plan an automated silo that supplies forest biomass and reduces transportation costs outside the current distribution area. The goals include facilitating the supply and use of renewable energy sources such as forest biomass, transferring technology between the Catalan Forestry Technology Centre and SALA FORESTAL SL, designing an automated forest biomass supply silo, reducing biomass transportation costs, and promoting the dissemination of the automated silo. The project is both technologically and financially viable, and improvements in management and logistics lead to a significant decrease in CO2 emissions.  https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/en/find-connect/projects/sitja-pilot-automatitzada-subministradora-de Contacts: salaforestal@salaforestal.com

OG GO REGACORK: The project aimed to investigate the application of irrigation and fertilization techniques in cork oak plantations, focusing on reducing tree mortality and increasing cork production. Careful irrigation use is recommended, prioritizing locations with easy access to water. The drip irrigation system is preferred, especially in new plantations, due to its efficiency in water resource utilization. The suggested plantation density varies between 625 and 1111 trees per hectare, depending on site conditions. It is crucial to install the irrigation system before planting and select young plants with well-developed roots. Fertilization should be applied at the end of irrigation to maximize nutrient absorption by plants. Continuously monitoring soil moisture is essential for adjusting the frequency and amount of irrigation. The results showed a significant increase in tree diameter and cork production in irrigated trees, as well as a reduction in the time required (8 instead of the usual 12 years) for the first cork extraction. These findings underscore the importance of fertilization and irrigation in optimizing cork oak growth and quality, contributing to the sustainability and profitability of plantations. https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/en/find-connect/projects/rega-de-precis%C3%A3o-de-sobreiros-em-modo-de-produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o.html, contact: goregacork@uevora.pt

The OG PRI.FOR.MAN in Italy (https://www.innovarurale.it/it/pei-agri/gruppi-operativi/bancadati-go-pei/gestione-condivisa-delle-proprieta-forestali) has developed different forest geographic layers that describe forest resources (growing stock volume, forest types, accessibility, and forest roads maps) implemented in a decision support system tool. A dashboard was also developed to provide summarized information, featuring easily understandable graphs and tables. It could help to identify areas in the region where new value chains linked to wood mobilization can potentially be established. The dashboard, by providing information on the growing stock volume accessible through two harvesting systems, can be utilized to identify areas where the road network is not well established, thus highlighting the need for investments in road planning. The members of the OG strongly believe that such dashboards should be developed for public utility, providing support to the forest sector, as they can play a key role in incentivizing the emergence of new value chains through policies and measures. Contact: Giorgio Alberti giorgio.alberti@unud.it - Luca Cadez luca.cadez@uniud.it - Francesca Giannetti francesca.giannetti@unifi.it

The OG SUBER, developed from 2018 to 2020, has been aimed at improving cork harvesting efficiency and exploring alternative uses beyond wine corking, such as in the aeronautical industry and cosmetics. Its recommendations emphasise diversifying cork uses to maximise its economic value and preserve cork oak ecosystems. Key objectives included creating skilled jobs and combating rural depopulation. Results were consolidated into a guide for new cork applications, showcasing its economic and ecological potential. However, the increasing valorisation of cork, due to declining cork oak forests and advancements in wine stopper technology, poses challenges for its application outside the wine market. (https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/en/find-connect/projects/go-suber-modernizaci%C3%B3n-global-del-sector-de-la.html), contact: m.bejarano@trevincaingenieria.com

The Italian OG BIOSEIFORTE (https://www.innovarurale.it/it/pei-agri/gruppi-operativi/bancadati-go-pei/biodiversita-e-servizi-ecosistemici-foreste-e-territorio) conducted an experimental analysis on the Monte Nerone area to assess the willingness to pay for the implementation of tourist-recreational services. The questionnaire asked for personal details, educational qualification, average income bracket, frequency of visits and an evaluation of the main ecosystem services that the area was able to provide (providing a grid of ecosystem services that characterise the area as support for the answer). The evaluation was carried out with a double key, on the one hand by assessing the importance of the various ecosystem services for the users (e.g. landscape, biodiversity, etc., with response scores from 1 to 7), and on the other hand by asking how the Nerone area responded according to their perception. These two parameters were used to determine willingness to pay. After analysing the data, a willingness to pay of 7/8 euro was estimated. Most visitors are willing to pay for an access point with information and toilets and then go on a hike. The people interviewed were very willing to respond, but data collection was not easy, as the questionnaires are often too long for people who are passing through on holiday, and it is difficult to strike a balance between the level of detail one wants to achieve and the immediacy of the answers. Contact: solaria.anzilotti@unifi.it

Agroforestry Network in Tuscany promotes traditional agroforestry knowledge and innovative solutions for the implementation of sustainable agroforestry systems. In 2022, the network organized an agroforestry school, a training event on agroforestry, for stakeholders interested in agroforestry. The agroforestry school consisted of five training modules, each lasting one day and consisting of both classroom lessons and field visits. The topics covered included agroforestry and forestry systems, forestry management and grazing, soil, certification, and marketing. The agroforestry school promotes agroforestry as a promising land use system for facilitating farmers’ presence in marginal rural areas and as one income source for farmers. While promoting agroforestry, the agroforestry school also serves as an important link to different stakeholders creating an understanding of their needs for knowledge and information and as a platform for facilitating networking of farmers in sustainable farming. The School of Agroforestry has been arranged by the NEWTON project (Agroforestry Network in Tuscany): Solaria Anzilotti (solaria.anzilotti@unifi.it), https://gonewton.it

One of the aims of the OG RAISON project is to identify the most favourable planting methods for the development of a productive forest stand on waterlogged soils. CETEF members have selected a plot in the commune of Saint-Gatien-des-bois to establish the experimentation on a 4.6 ha plot. The plot where the system is to be installed has already been cleared and in the summer of 2020 the existing ditches will be extensively cut and rehabilitated. Groundwater is out of the question due to waterlogging. The factors to be investigated are changes in the growth, form and general behaviour of the species. A comparative cost analysis of the individual methods is carried out. The height of all trees is measured at the time of installation. In the following three years, the following variables are measured: the condition of the trees, their height and the presence of phytosanitary problems. The above variables are then measured on at least 30 randomly or systematically selected trees. Before the first thinning, the above variables are measured on all trees. This experiment can serve as a reference protocol in the future to increase the number of experimental stands on waterlogged soils. The measured data will be used to evaluate the effects of the planting methods on the growth of the stands. The inclusion of this data in a database containing all such systems at the national level could allow more accurate comparisons. Testing the effects of different planting methods on the survival and productivity of tree species is a long-term project for the forest and requires long-term funding sources to monitor these stands. More information: https://hautsdefrance-normandie.cnpf.fr/projet-raison, romain.mani@cnpf.fr

The PRI.FOR.MAN Project aimed to refine profit-sharing in community forest management, ensuring fair timber profits for each owner. Unlike traditional methods that use surface area for profit distribution—a system that disadvantages smaller owners—this project innovates with a model sensitive to owner needs in the Italian context. To engage forest owners, the project guarantees an annual timber income enticing enough to delegate management to third parties, alongside ensuring these managers receive fair financial compensation. Timber valuation is assessed via drone photogrammetry, considering factors like accessibility, wood types, and market prices. Profit distribution consists of a fixed component based on forest area, typically modest, and a variable component determined by each parcel's volume relative to the total forest volume. Challenges arose during a case study in Tarvisio, revealing owners' preferences for immediate high returns from outright sales and short-term individual contracts over the risks of long-term shared management. These insights are critical for refining the approach in ongoing project developments. https://www.innovarurale.it/it/pei-agri/gruppi-operativi/bancadati-go-pei/gestione-condivisa-delle-proprieta-forestali

In Northern Spain, there are masses of trees with little commercial interest, currently unused, which increases the risk of fires and forest pests. It is necessary, therefore, to plan for the collaborative forest management and to use forest biomass for the circular economy beneficial for rural development (increase employment, reduce GHG emissions, minimize fire risks and forest pests). Both administrations and the general public must perceive the economic, social and environmental benefits of sustainable collaborative forest management. To this end, a social network for the use of forest biomass for thermal purposes is created. The social network improves forest management, thus eliminating excess fuel in the forest and using it for thermal purposes. The forest biomass exploitation networks are based on the ownership of the masses. Beyond the use of forest biomass for thermal purposes, the collaboratives also aim at increasing the resilience of forests through silvicultural treatments. As a result, external energy dependence is reduced and new jobs are created in the region, which in turn lowers the depopulation of the rural areas. It is especially an employment opportunity for young people and women to give greater viability to the territories as a whole.

Four silvicultural scenarios have been created considering the wood quality:

- Standard scenario (M2): Involves three thinnings and a final felling.

- Short rotation scenario with subsidies (M4): Includes one thinning and a final felling.

- No management scenario (M8): Only comprises a final felling, assuming natural mortality from the plantation.

- Multi-product scenario (MG2): Offers two alternatives, one with plantation and the other with natural regeneration followed by thinning after 5 years.

Economic analyses indicate that the minimum site quality for profitability is in medium sites. In lower-quality areas, profitability is possible with good natural regeneration and subsidies. The MG2 scenario stands out as the most profitable in all conditions, except in quality 7m with a 2% interest rate. This scenario provides higher profitability than M2 but requires less time and fewer silvicultural actions. Natural regeneration proves more profitable compared to plantation due to cost savings.

For more information, you can consult the following link: https://www.sigcamaderadecalidad.info/

This is a project for the joint management of forests in the Autonomous Region of Friuli Venezia Giulia. Approximately 32% of the region is covered by forests. However, their use is much lower than their growth. Sustainable forest management faces challenges such as the fragmentation of forest ownership, which makes it impossible to plan resources, plan their use by forestry companies and develop an adequate network of forest roads. The project aims to address these problems and implement a new cooperative approach to the management of fragmented ownership forest stands. To achieve this goal standardisation of information on forests was done. The project provides for the first time standardisation information on forest resources. A geodatabase was created and centralises forest data can be queried for different administrative levels. The collected and standardised geographic data were classified into three types: cartographic, forest management layers and environmental constraints. The project ensures the accuracy of the data published in the decision support system platform developed as part of the project. This enables data sharing between stakeholders, including forest owners, management agencies, researchers and other interested parties. https://www.legnoservizi.it/attivita/innovazione/, Giorgio Alberti (giorgio.alberti@unud.it), Luca Cadez (luca.cadez@uniud.it), Francesca Giannetti (francesca.giannetti@unifi.it).

To support sustainable forest management aimed at maximising ecosystem services through new silvicultural practices access to a range of information that allows forest managers to quickly retrieve data is essential, with the ultimate goal of achieving certification for ecosystem services. In this context, the PRI.FOR.MAN OG, which has developed a decision support system (DSS) in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, provides various user-friendly graphical interfaces for accessing different types of information. The DSS provides the user with information on forest type categories, the availability of existing forest management plans, forest roads, annual growth wood, the presence of disturbances, environmental constraints, the protective role of forest vegetation, the location of biotopes, parks and regional or state reserves, Natura 2000 areas All these elements are essential for sustainable forest management and provide forest managers with important information for the development of multi-purpose forest management plans and measures. This information before the OG was scattered on various local authority websites. The PRI.FOR.MAN has made it possible to integrate this information into a single database and in a Decision Support System (DSS), which has been designed specifically for the forestry context. Homogenising the information and making it accessible in user-friendly systems is the key to ensuring data accessibility. https://www.innovarurale.it/it/pei-agri/gruppi-operativi/bancadati-go-pei/gestione-condivisa-delle-proprieta-forestali, francesca.giannetti@unifi.it

As part of the OG RAISON project, an inventory of atypical tree species in Normandy was carried out. The aim was to study their behaviour in relation to the soil and climatic conditions. The final objective was to identify the best species able to adapt to climate change. Lists of potential substitute species were proposed for each forest region and each type of site. Between December 2019 and May 2021, 384 stands from the list of 500 stands of interest were inventoried. The individual results were systematically sent to the owners. The most frequently reported coniferous species in order of importance were maritime pine, Atlas cedar, western red cedar and evergreen sequoia. Sixteen other coniferous species were reported. The most frequently reported deciduous species by importance were Virginia tulip tree, Corsican alder, Nothofagus obliqua and downy oak. All age classes were represented for many species, but these are not balanced and may reflect the dynamics of species utilisation. For newly planted species, it is important to continue to monitor the growth of stands when they are young and to restart the planting of those that are no longer used or are used infrequently, in order to improve our knowledge of the behaviour of these species in their first years of life. Identifying these atypical tree species and experimenting with different management methods is a long-term project for the forest and requires long-term sources of funding to enable these stands to be monitored. More information: https://hautsdefrance-normandie.cnpf.fr/projet-raison, romain.mani@cnpf.fr

SYLV'ÉCLAIR and its database, developed as part of the OG SPNA project, are designed to collect data from stands composed mainly of maritime pines and to provide tailored advice for these stands. This tool is designed to be adapted potentially to other planted species (Douglas fir, Scots pine, Scots pine, etc.) managed in normal height stands, provided it is equipped with forest standards and a growth model. In addition, although the first test phases of this interface will be carried out mainly in the populations of the Massif des Landes de Gascogne, the tool is intended for use throughout the national territory. The tool is based on the work of Jean-Paul Maugé. It represents a compromise between maximum stand production and the individual growth of each tree. These tables make it possible to determine the minimum and maximum densities between which the population must lie for a given area. If the actual density is above the maximum limit, this density should be specified and approximated to the value close to the minimum limit. The tool is suitable for all types of terrain. The only thing that changes is the age at which the thinning is performed. A mobile tool for smartphones will be available. The app warns when thinning is imminent or when thinning should be delayed. If thinning has to wait, the app will indicate the recommended time for the procedure. The tool also provides you with instructions on how to organise the thinning and marketing. More information: https://nouvelle-aquitaine.cnpf.fr/sites/socle/files/cnpf-old/article_eclaircie_pm.pdf, cecile.maris@cnpf.fr

As part of the OG PIF project, the ONF and the FCBA have developed a new mapping and staking method, based on the use of a drone and a centimetre-accurate GPS. The first stage of this method involves flying over the area to be planted using a drone capable of providing photos with optimum resolution (1 to 2 cm/pixel) and geo-referenced using RTK (Real Time Kinematic) to around 1 cm. It takes ten minutes of flying time to cover 15 hectares. If the drone is not RTK-compatible, it is possible to add positions taken from a mobile GPS, as long as these points have been marked out on the ground beforehand. The photos taken during the flight are then assembled using software and the GPS coordinates recorded, to produce an orthophotograph. The orthophotograph produced will be used to define the future planting scheme. It will make it possible to identify the contours of the plot and the traffic routes, as well as to calculate the area to be planted and to position the future planting lines. Following computer processing, a map will be generated incorporating the planting scheme. The data will then be transmitted automatically to a GPS via a server, and can be used directly by operators in the field to position the planting lines. The use of the drone combined with the use of a centimeter-precision GPS by the worker has made it possible to optimize the installation of the planting lines, with productivity three times higher than with the traditional method, and to improve its ergonomics. https://www.reseaurural.fr/centre-de-ressources/projets/plantations-innovantes-en-foret-innover-pour-installer-des-plantations. Contact: Mrs Collet Catherine (catherine.collet@inrae.fr

The "Sustainable Bee Forest" project introduces a novel forest management concept aimed at enhancing pollinator habitats and diversifying income streams from non-wood forest products in the state of Hesse in Germany. This initiative responds to the imperative for climate change adaptation in forestry, particularly targeting smallholder farmers grappling with forest decline. With large forested areas experiencing significant disturbances like pests, storms, and fire, there's a pressing need for afforestation measures. However, existing funding options for afforestation typically limit tree species choices. The "Sustainable Bee Forest" concept presents an innovative approach to forest management, emphasizing multifunctionality and insect-friendly practices, which have been overlooked in Central Europe. This project focuses on integrating honey and wild bee habitats into early-stage forest development, blending profitable stemwood species with pollinator-friendly plants. Unlike conventional approaches that concentrate flowering areas on forest edges, this project aims for a more holistic approach, intertwining economic profitability with conservation goals. Initial afforestation efforts on a 3.5-hectare former spruce-dominated forest involved planting robinia, chestnut, linden, bird cherry, and walnut based on research insights and expert knowledge. Effective collaboration with experienced scientists possessing the necessary methodological expertise is crucial for generating meaningful results. info@comunis-projektbuero.de

French OG SPNA dedicated their efforts to improving the precision silviculture in Nouvelle-Aquitaine considering the diagnosis of vitality closely related to defining aging and environmental constraints for the development and physiological state of the tree. Due to the fact that chronological age is not correlated with development, classic measurements of diameter and height are not very efficient. That is the reason why ARCHI method is focused on the architecture of a tree, the way it is built and repaired, constitutes a real biological signature of its vitality. The vitality of a tree must constantly be evaluated. Therefore six physiological states are assigned to the young, adult and mature stages of development: healthy, stressed, resilient, crown retrenchment, fallback, and irreversible decline. More information about each of these stages or about the ARCHI keys available for the 18 tree species could be downloaded from: https://www.cnpf.fr/archi/, furthermore please contact christophe.drenou@cnpf.fr or visit the following website https://www.cnpf.fr/nos-actions-nos-outils/outils-et-techniques/archi

The OG Pinea project aims to develop a system for predicting pine cone harvests, aiming to overcome the disparity between estimates and actual harvests. The Pinea ClimaDAT application, developed in two phases, allows simulating of pine cone harvests months in advance, facilitating forest management. Key recommendations include using climate data and pine cone production models, such as Calama et al. 2016, and incorporating updated climate variables. Specific objectives include expanding the geographical validity of the application and making it compatible with public GIS data. Results include the inclusion of harvest data up to 2021, redefining natural units, and incorporating the effect of Leptoglossus occidentalis on pine cone production. However, challenges persist due to the imminent arrival of new pests or diseases, requiring ongoing adjustments to prediction models. (https://eu-cap-network.ec.europa.eu/projects/improvements-and-innovation-production-national-pine-nut_en), contact: montse.ganado@cesefor.com

OG Shared PRIvate FORest MANagement in Eastern Alps (PRI.FOR.MAN) developed technological innovation by applying the UAV to map growing stock volume for sharing forest management plan. The aim was to develop a decision support system that promoted a shared management approach among landowners. The project mapped forest resources across the region by using data from the national forest inventory and LiDAR data to identify the most promising areas. The simulated development of shared forest management plans demonstrated their feasibility in four test areas. Ground plots were measured through field sampling, and surveyed by using a drone to create a hybrid canopy digital model. Based on gathered data a map of woody volume, basal area, and dominant height in the area with greater accuracy. The growing stock volume map was used for the calculation of the value of each forest in the shared forest management plan. Fieldwork for collecting data on at least sample areas is always necessary and remains costly. However, when compared to forest management plans developed using traditional methods, the number of sample areas required is significantly reduced. The costs can be reduced when multiple landowners decide to pool resources to conduct surveys. For more details on this innovation, please contact Francesca Giannetti (francesca.giannetti@unifi.it) or visit the website https://www.innovarurale.it/it/pei-agri/gruppi-operativi/bancadati-go-pei/gestione-condivisa-delle-proprieta-forestali

The OG Aleppo PIne aims to **energetically utilize forest residues** from Aleppo pine clearings. These forests regenerate spontaneously after Mediterranean wildfires, necessitating clearings for mass resilience. Goals include economic improvement, ecological restoration, enhanced clearing to increase the resilience of the forest mass, reduced carbon footprint, biomass valorization, and assessing post-fire regeneration-phase Aleppo pine stands. 

Main outcomes:

- Improvement of the economy process of exploiting regenerated Aleppo pine biomass: enhances exploitation efficiency, reduces work phases and resources required. 

- Enhanced returns from regenerated post-pine fire carrasco mounts: promotes mass utilization, facilitates market opportunities, and enhances forest development post-thinning. 

- Environmental forest improvement: lowers Aleppo pine densities, encourages undergrowth light entry, reduces fire risk, improves carbon balance by replacing fossil fuels with renewable alternatives. 

- Improved rural environmental quality: enhances forest biodiversity, landscape quality, prevents fires, eliminates pests, and mitigates/adapts to climate change. 

- Social enhancement for stakeholders: boosts forest management awareness, creates rural employment, and establishes a market with significant rural impact. 

- Territorial improvement: fosters biomass-related activities, facilitates fossil fuel alternatives adoption, and promotes intersectoral relationships in forest exploitation and use.

The OG SambucusValor (https://sambucusvalor.pt/) aimed to develop value-added food products from elderberries, focusing on sustainable cultivation management. Its main recommendations included defining quality indicators, implementing stabilization and storage processes, creating new products, and forming partnerships for dissemination. Objectives encompassed establishing a pilot center and national/international product promotion. Key achievements comprised quality indicator definition, product stabilization, new food development, network creation, and collaboration with Galicia. Results were disseminated through various technical and scientific publications, promoting innovation and sustainable development in the elderberry value chain. Contact: inovterra@gmail.com

INRAE scientists have developed the Vigil’encre application, available for download, to inform users about chestnut tree diseases, identify symptoms, and report affected stands. The app targets forest plot owners, chestnut orchard managers, and the general public, offering functions to inform about diseases, identify symptoms, and report affected trees. Users can compare observed symptoms to those illustrated in the app and report suspected cases, providing precise information and geolocation data. INRAE also allows users to send soil or plant samples for laboratory diagnosis, facilitating accurate disease identification and database population. Reports of ink and dieback are stored in a database for epidemiological surveillance of Phytophthora, aiding in understanding disease distribution and its interactions with drought. Utilizing materials tolerant or resistant to ink could mitigate its impact in forests or orchards. Chestnut resistance to ink varies genetically within the species, and identifying disease-resistant trees in outbreaks is crucial. The app serves as a valuable tool for disease management and research, enabling users to contribute to ongoing research efforts by reporting symptoms and locations of affected stands. By improving understanding of disease mechanisms and identifying disease-resistant trees, the app supports efforts to mitigate the impact of chestnut ink disease and ensure the sustainability of chestnut populations in Europe. https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/en/find-connect/projects/sylviculture-de-pr%C3%A9cision-en-nouvelle-aquitaine.html

OG FAGUS works on innovation and improving the competitiveness of the Spanish forest industry value chain through adding value to beech tree products. The structural grading tools have been developed for beech wood of Spanish origin which will allow beech timber to be used for structural products: beams, pillars, glued laminated timber, etc. Specifically, a structural visual grading and a mechanical grading have been developed. The structural visual grading consists of a wood industry operator who, on the basis of visual observation criteria of each piece of wood, can declare a resistance class. On the other hand, mechanical grading consists of the determination of a strength class with the use of a grading machine, which, based on the density of the wood and the natural vibration frequency of the piece, is able to determine the strength class. During the process, it has been found that beech wood obtains better resistance classes than the Spanish conifers approved for use in structures. Furthermore, the structural visual classification obtained 75% of wood suitable for use in structures, which allows to expand the customer market. A modification of the standards has been proposed for the improvement of yields, increase of graded wood yields and higher percentage use of high structural quality wood. More useful information on OG FAGUS could be obtained from joseluis.villanueva@cesefor.com or the website https://gofagus.es/

OG Shared PRIvate FORest MANagement in Eastern Alps (PRI.FOR.MAN) considers the understanding of the volume that can truly be harvested to be of great importance for assessing the real value of forest utilization. So, the development of methodologies to enable companies to identify areas of higher value was conducted by the GO-PRI.FOR.MAN. Developed methodology for calculating the volume that can actually be harvested uses slope data derived from the digital terrain model and a regional map of wood volume derived from the integration of LiDAR remote sensing data and national forest inventory data as input. The operational limits of the extraction systems commonly used by companies and topographic limits (slope change) were considered. A series of regional-scale geographic layers along with new methodologies (integrated use of ground-based and remote sensing data) allow the application of research-developed methodologies in practice. The project aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the actual harvesting potential of forested areas, taking into account both natural terrain characteristics and the capabilities of the machinery used in logging operations. This approach helps companies identify areas with the highest potential for profitable utilization. For further information, you can contact Francesca Giannetti (francesca.giannetti@unifi.it) or click here https://www.legnoservizi.it/pri-for-man-dss-un-sistema-di-supporto-delle-decisioni-forestali-a-scala-locale/

The OG GO ACREMA: The results of the study on the use of resin in three species of pine trees (Pinus pinaster Ait., Pinus radiata D. Don, and Pinus nigra Arnold) from Galicia reveal that resin extraction does not negatively affect the mechanical properties of wood. Analyses show that there are no significant differences in strength and stiffness between the wood of resin-extracted and non-extracted pine trees. Additionally, an increase in wood density was observed in resin-tapped stands, which may represent a structural advantage. Forestry professionals are recommended to consider including resin extraction as an additional service in forest management. This can generate regular economic benefits without compromising wood quality. Implementing these findings can diversify forest income sources and create social value for local communities. In this context, there is an interest in including resin extraction as an ecosystem service added to the management of Galician mountains, initially planted solely for wood use. https://www.acrema.es/proyecto.php, contact: erikamc@foresin.com