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AFINET - Agroforestry innovation network (2 of 2)
AFINET - Red de Innovación Agroforestal (2 of 2)

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Completed | 2017 - 2019 Spain
Completed | 2017 - 2019 Spain
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Kontext

Agroforestry is one of the most powerful tools to increase sustainability of farming systems in Europe fulfilling the three aims of the Climate Smart Agriculture principles: (i) increasing farmers income (ii) mitigating climate change and (iii) adapting farming systems to climate change. However, Agroforestry represents less than 10% and 0.01% of the arable and permanent grassland lands in Europe as silvoarable and silvopasture agroforestry practices. Transforming the conventional agriculture farming systems towards agroforestry is key to improve sustainability of European agroforestry systems. However, as a system should be considered in an integrated form that does not fit completely into the CAP practices mostly based on specific plot activities. The lack of a EU Member states clear accountability based on the definition of the FAO is key to move forward in Europe from a policy point of view. The 900 actors developing the AF innovations grouped them in four main topics: (i) technical (what are the best combinations to mix of woody perennials (trees or shrubs)) and how to maintain them to increase profitability and ecosystem services delivery (social and environmental) (ii) economic (tools to compare current and AF alternatives and bioeconomy development for the woody perennial component (eg. Cosmetic, medicines, fabrics…), (iii) educational including farmers (adequate extension services development linked to universities) and consumers (from kindergarden to universities) and (iv) policy to finance the needed infrastructures to foster the transformation from conventional/organic to AF farming systems

Objectives

Up to now exists a lack of AF knowledge among end-users that prevent the correct implementation of agroforestry practices. AFINET aimed at collating information at EU level in order to take up research results into agricultural practice, improving knowledge exchange between scientists and practitioners on AF activities, with a special focus on silvoarable and silvopastoral systems design, management, and production and profitability. Most of the information can be seen produced in www.agroforestrynet.eu

Objectives

Hasta ahora hay una falta generalizada de conocimiento entre los usuarios finales que impiden la correcta implementación de las prácticas agroforestales. AFINET pretende, a nivel Europeo, recopilar los resultados de investigaciones y buenas prácticas y favorecer su implementación y el intercambio de conocimiento entre científicos y agricultores sobre prácticas agroforestales, con un enfoque especial en el diseño, gestión, producción y rentabilidad de los sistemas silvoarables y silvopastorales. La mayor parte de la información producida puede verse organizada en la página web www.agroforestrynet.eu

Activities

To achieve its objective, AFINET has included the participation of more than 900 agroforestry actors directly involved in agroforestry through an interregional European network (consisting of 9 Regional Innovation Agroforestry Networks (RAIN)) that was articulated through the figure of the “Innovation Broker". This network, together with AFINET partners, has developed (i) a living book that includes technical sheets organized by topic ( www.agroforestrynet.eu), (ii) a knowledge reservoir (http://www.eurafagroforestry.eu/afinet/knowledge-cloud/search/) and a website (www.eurafagroforestry.eu/afinet) where all information produced is available.

Activities

Para alcanzar su objetivo, AFINET ha contado con la participación de más de 900 agentes agroforestales directamente implicados en la agroforestería a través de una red europea interregional (compuesta por 9 Redes Agroforestales de Innovación Regionales (RAIN)) considerando un enfoque participativo (multi-actor) que se articuló a través de la figura del Facilitador". Esta red junto a laos socios de AFINET ha desarrollado (i) un libro vivo donde se incluyen fichas técnicas organizadas por temas (www.agroforestrynet.eu), (ii) un reservorio de conocimiento (http://www.eurafagroforestry.eu/afinet/knowledge-cloud/search/) y una página web (www.eurafagroforestry.eu/afinet).

Additional comments

AFINET partners would like that all materials produced will be useful for stakeholders trying to increase sustainability on their farming systems from an economic, environment and social point of view. For this we would like to invite all kind of actors (farmers/researchers/policy makers...) to contribute with their expertise to the alive handbook developed by the USC by sending an e-mail to the AFINET project coordinator (mrosa.mosquera.losada@usc.es)

Additional information

The AFINET network will be kept working through the co-working with international institutions such as the Global Research Alliance and its sub-group about agroforestry and the Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture (GACSA) linked to the FAO. Connections with other international institutions dealing agroforestry such as AFTA (Agroforestry Temperate Association), ICRAF (World Agroforestry Centre), EURAF (European Agroforestry Federation) and IUAF (International Union of Agroforestry).

Project details
Main funding source
Horizon 2020 (EU Research and Innovation Programme)
Horizon Project Type
Multi-actor project - Thematic network
Ort
Main geographical location
Lugo

EUR 1 999 987.00

Total budget

Total contributions including EU funding.

Project keyword

Ressourcen

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9 Practice Abstracts

Profitability of a forest can be increased by 25% if agroforestry is used and compared with exclusive forest systems.The introduction of animals in forest lands, named silvopasture, has to be carefully carried out. An initial study of the vegetation of the forest understory should be carried out as they have different palatability depending on the animal breed. For example, horses are keen to be fed on gorse but not on blackberry, but goats can consume both of them greedily. So the introduction of horses in areas dominated by blackberry will increase the cover of this species. In some areas, the understory vegetation is so tall that prevents animals to have access to the whole plot, but the establishment of crossed corridors leaving squares of 10 x 10 meters diminishes the cost of the initial clearing and allow animals to have access to the whole plot. Moreover, the effectiveness of grazing is higher than mechanical clearing, because after a shrub is harvested the potent root system it has favours the development of new leaves and the recovery in a short period of time, but if grazing is maintained the repeated consumption of the young leaves reduces the possibility of development of the shrubs that is finally replaced by a herbaceous understory with less fire risk than the shrubby one.

La rentabilidad de una zona forestal se puede aumentar en un 25% si se utiliza la agroforestería y se compara con sistemas forestales exclusivos. La introducción de animales en tierras forestales, llamada Silvopastoreo, debe llevarse a cabo cuidadosamente. Se debe llevar a cabo un estudio inicial de la vegetación del sotobosque, ya que tienen una palatabilidad diferente según la raza animal. Por ejemplo, los caballos están dispuestos a ser alimentados con gorse pero no con zarzamora, pero las cabras pueden consumir a ambos con avidez. Así, la introducción de caballos en áreas dominadas por mora aumentará la cobertura de esta especie. En algunas áreas, la vegetación del sotobosque es tan alta que impide que los animales tengan acceso a toda la parcela, pero el establecimiento de corredores cruzados que dejan cuadrados de 10 x 10 metros disminuye el costo del desbroce inicial y permite que los animales tengan acceso al conjunto trama. Además, la efectividad del pastoreo es mayor que la limpieza mecánica, ya que después de cosechar un arbusto, el potente sistema de raíces favorece el desarrollo de nuevas hojas y la recuperación en un corto período de tiempo, pero si el pastoreo se mantiene, el consumo repetido del las hojas jóvenes reducen la posibilidad de desarrollo de los arbustos que finalmente se reemplaza por un sotobosque herbáceo con menos riesgo de incendio que el arbusto.

The use of local breeds with local resources and more specifically silvopastoral, make them special because they are the only ones that manage to take advantage of them and obtain high quality products. The diet of these races in Galicia is based on 90% in breast milk, since they are maternal races, and in turn they feed on the resources at their disposal because they are environmental races. The 100% Native Breed logo identifies these products for the final consumer, in addition to ensuring that the animal is registered in its genealogical book. It is a trademark of the Ministry of Agriculture of Spain. Its products such as meat, wool, eggs, skin, etc., result from the responsible production and use of local practices in their breeding areas. These races give us unique and inimitable products linked to their territory, since they feed on their natural resources, being their maximum expression silvopasciculture. Both BOAGA (Federation of native races of Galicia) and FEDERAPES (Federation of native Spanish races) work and disseminate all this information on their websites (www.boaga.es and www.federapes.com). It is important to achieve greater implementation of agroforestry systems and to publicize their environmental work among all sectors. These systems with adequate technical management, where native races play a fundamental role given their rusticity and adaptation to their specific environments, will generate great environmental, economic and social advantages.

La alimentación de razas autóctonas con recursos naturales a través del empleo de prácticas silvopastorales, convierte a este tipo de animales en especiales, al ser las únicas que consiguen un aprovechamiento más eficiente de los recursos obteniendo productos de alta calidad. En Galicia la alimentación de las crías se basa en un 90% de leche materna, consumiendo también los recursos que tienen a su disposición siendo respetuosas con el medio ambiente. La marca 100% Raza Autóctona sirve para identificar los productos al consumidor final, además de asegurar que el animal esté registrado en su libro genealógico. Es una marca registrada del Ministerio de Agricultura de España. Los derivados como la carne, la lana, los huevos, la piel, etc., son el resultado de la producción responsable y el uso de prácticas locales en el área en la que se crían. Estas razas nos dan productos únicos e inimitables vinculados a su territorio, ya que se alimentan de sus recursos naturales, siendo su máxima expresión el silvopastoreo. Tanto BOAGA (Federación de razas autóctonas de Galicia) como FEDERAPES (Federación de razas autóctonas españolas) trabajan y difunden toda esta información en sus páginas web. (www.boaga.es and www.federapes.com). Es importante lograr una mayor implementación de los sistemas agroforestales y dar a conocer su función ambiental entre todos los sectores. Estos sistemas con una adecuada gestión técnica, donde las razas autóctonas juegan un papel fundamental dada su rusticidad y adaptación a sus entornos específicos, generarán grandes ventajas ambientales, económicas y sociales.

Target 2 of the EU Biodiversity Strategy aims at maintaining and restore ecosystems and their ecosystem services by including green infrastructure in spatial planning and restoring at least 15 % of degraded ecosystems by 2020. There are good examples of ecosystem services restoration in mine lands with silvoarable practices but also in mountain areas with silvopasture agroforestry practices. Target 2 of the EU biodiversity strategy aims also at contributing to the EU's sustainable growth and help mitigate and adapt to climate change. Both contributions can be delivered by agroforestry that has been recognized by the IPCC and the EU (529/2013/EU) as one of the most important tools to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Agroforestry is really linked to the connexion between agriculture and forestry in each of the fields itself and among both of them when different land use are integrated as highlight EU biodiversity strategy target 3. By introducing woody perennials in agricultural lands or agricultural activities in forest lands and connecting both types of land use (green corridors connecting forest and agricultural areas) biodiversity is enhanced. This can be done through the use of understory forage in the forest land when forage availability is scarce in the grasslands. The connection through the involvement of livestock between forest and open grasslands has a long tradition and can involve short (transtermitance) or long distances (transhumance) and are linked to biodiversity connection among different habitats usually involving agroforestry.

La Estrategia de Biodiversidad de la UE tiene como objetivo mantener y restaurar los ecosistemas y sus servicios ecosistémicos mediante la inclusión de infraestructuras verdes en la planificación espacial y la restauración de al menos el 15% de los ecosistemas degradados para 2020. Hay buenos ejemplos de restauración de servicios ecosistémicos en terrenos mineros con prácticas de silvoarable pero también en áreas de montaña con prácticas de agroforestales de silvopastoreo. El objetivo 2 de la estrategia de biodiversidad de la UE apunta también a contribuir al crecimiento sostenible de la UE y ayudar a mitigar y adaptarse al cambio climático. Ambas contribuciones pueden ser entregadas por la agroforestería que ha sido reconocida por el IPCC y la UE (529/2013/UE) como una de las herramientas más importantes para mitigar y adaptar los sistemas agrícolas al cambio climático. La agroforestería está realmente asociada a la conexión entre los sistemas agrícolas y forestales en cada tipo de territorio y entre ellos cuando se integran diferentes usos del suelo como destaca el objetivo 3 de la estrategia de biodiversidad de la UE. Mediante la introducción de especies perennes en zonas agrícolas o actividades agrícolas en zonas forestales y la conexión entre ambos tipos de uso del territorio (corredores verdes que conectan áreas forestales y agrícolas) se promueve la biodiversidad. Esto se puede hacer mediante el uso de forraje en las tierras forestales cuando esta escasea en los pastos de zonas abiertas. La conexión con ganado entre zonas forestales y de pastos desarbolados es de larga tradición y puede incluir distancias cortas (transtermitancia) o largas (trashumancia) y está vinculada a la conexión de la biodiversidad entre diferentes hábitats.

While "wood chips" is a broad term which can refer to chips from all parts of a tree, "ramial wood chips" or (RWC)" comes only from small diameter branches, up to 7 cm, and it is made without the leaves. Several studies show that the RWC usage in agriculture land increases soil fertility, crop yield, soil biodiversity, increase humidity in the upper soil layer. Eucaliptus globulus is a fast growing species commonly used in Portugal and Northern Spain regions in forest plantations for pulp production. The growth rates, resistance to drought, and the ability to growth after coppice and pruning, makes it an interesting species when considering the production of RWC. Grown in average quality sites, it is possible to remove up to 20% of the tree leaf area by pruning, without negatively affecting the production of the tree solid wood. In high productivity sites this value can go up to 40% of the leaf area of the tree crown. Only removals of 60% of the tree leaf area (heavy pruning) or more of leaf area will reduce growth. In a diverse agroforestry farm in Portugal, E. globulus trees were planted mostly as windbreaks, at very low densities, to create a microclimate, generate RWC for soil enrichment, and to be used as natural trellises for annual crops, vineyard and other climbing crops. On this agroforestry system E. globulus and other fast growing trees are annually pruned, reducing tree crown anywhere from a third to a half. These abundant pruning residues are then easily turned into RWC (using a wood chipper), providing easy and cheap soil enrichment used at the agroforestry plot (orchard). This technique may also be used with other fast growing species.

Está demonstrado que o uso de estilha de madeira dos ramos (EMR) em terrenos aráveis aumenta a fertilidade do solo, a produtividade das culturas, a biodiversidade do solo e aumenta a humidade na camada superior do solo. O E. globulus é uma espécie de rápido crescimento muito usada para produção de celulose. 

As taxas de crescimento, a resistência à seca e a capacidade de crescimento após a talhadia e a poda, tornam-na uma espécie interessante para a produção de EMR. Cultivada em parcelas de média qualidade é possível podar até 20% da área foliar das árvores sem afetar negativamente a produção da madeira. Em locais de alta produtividade esse valor pode chegar a 40% da área foliar. O crescimento só é reduzido no caso de remoções de 60% ou mais, da área foliar (poda intensa). Numa exploração agroflorestal em Portugal E. globulus foram plantadas principalmente como quebra-ventos, em densidades muito baixas, para criar um microclima, gerar EMR para o enriquecimento do solo e ser usadas como tutores para culturas anuais, vinha e outras culturas trepadeiras. Aqui o E. globulus e outras espécies de crescimento rápido são podadas anualmente, com uma redução da copa entre um terço e metade. Estes resíduos de poda abundantes são então facilmente transformados em EMR (usando um triturador de madeira), proporcionando uma fonte de enriquecimento do solo da parcela agroflorestal (pomar) fácil e barata. Esta técnica pode também ser utilizada com outras espécies de crescimento rápido.

The most suitable species for establishing new agroforestry systems will depend on the specific site conditions and the priorities or the farmer/ landowner. Woody perennials are a long term crops and it is worth spending some time carefully considering the options available and the objectives of the planting (e.g. for a tree crop, for timber, livestock welfare) at the design phase. Along with visiting agroforestry sites and speaking to agroforestry practitioners there are several tools and databases available to help with species selection. Useful resources include: - The Plants for the Future Useful Temperate Plants Database contains information on the edible, medicinal and many other uses of several thousand plants that can be grown in temperate regions. It is a working database, new records are entered and older records updated on a regular basis. The database currently lists 8283 species. There is also a Tropical Species database with 11,027 species. - The Woodland grazing toolbox designed for woodland owners and farmers seeking to use livestock to manage their woodland to achieve biodiversity and/or cultural heritage objectives contains a guide to developing a Woodland Grazing Plan including selecting suitable species. - The Agroforestry Research Trust has a useful guide to selecting suitable timber tree species for agroforestry systems and guidance around species suitable for forest gardens - Cornell University in the USA and Citree in Germany have both produced woody plants databases with decision support tools to enable the user to match plants to desirable traits and sites characteristics.

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Trees grown commercially for timber production are usually planted close together to encourage them to grow straight and upwards and reduce side branching, they are then thinned out to encourage the tree to increase their diameter. In agroforestry systems with wider spaced trees, if timber is the objective, then the trees must be pruned regularly once established soon after planting, in order to improve the trees shape and produce high quality timber. In addition to increasing the marketable value of the timber pruning is needed to improve the ability of the tree to withstand wind, to remove any dead or diseased material and to allow access under the crown for agricultural operations. Shape pruning is carried out in the first 10-25 years of a trees life in order to select a single straight truck as well as to give the tree mechanical stability against winds, pruning consists of removing forks, multiple or broken top branches. Shape pruning is necessary until the main stem, or bole, has reached it's target height. Pruning is best carried out gradually and should not remove more than 30% of the tree branches each year. Stem pruning starts a few years after shape pruning once the tree is c.3-4m tall and aims to remove lower branches to reduce the presence of knots in the bole, it should be carried out regularly before branches reach 3-4cm in diameter.

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Over the last decade, farmers are facing increasing sensitivity to weather conditions of berries and vegetables. According to researchers, this is due to the more frequent extremes caused by climate change and the change in radiation conditions. This affects to the growth of plants and them more difficult to absorb nutrients, while impairing the quality and quantity of the crop (yield loss, sunburn patches on the fruit and leaf, reduced resistance to pathogens and harmful organisms). Early experience of Hungarian farmers working in cooperation with the University of Sopron and the results of the experiments carried out at the National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre so far show that this problem can be eliminated or at least significantly mitigated by partial shading of certain forage species (eg. alfalfa), as well as understory berry species / varieties such as raspberries, currants and strawberries. However, for berries, the extent and sign of the effect may depend largely on the varieties. As regards forage production, results from an experiment carried out in AGFORWARD project show that in alley cropping with a combination of alfalfa and fast growing tree species (Paulownia sp.) can increase of the quantity and quality of yield.

Az utóbbi évtizedben a mezőgazdasági termelők a bogyósok és a zöldségnövények növekvő érzékenységével szembesülnek, ami a kutatók szerint a klímaváltozással járó egyre gyakoribb szélsőségeknek és a sugárzási viszonyok megváltozásának köszönhető. Ez visszaveti a növények növekedését, megnehezíti a tápanyagok felvételét, és rontja a termés minőségi és mennyiségi paramétereit (terméscsökkenés, napégéses foltok a gyümölcsön és a levélen, besült termés, csökkent ellenálló képesség a korokozókkal és a károsító szervezetekkel szemben). A Soproni Egyetemmel együttműködő magyar gazdálkodók tapasztalatai és a NAIK ERTI kutatóközpontjainál végzett kísérletek eddigi eredményei azt mutatják, hogy bizonyos takarmánynövényeknél és bogyósgyümölcs fajoknál/fajtáknál részleges árnyékolással a felsorolt problémák kiküszöbölhetők vagy legalábbis jelentősen enyhíthetők. A bogyós gyümölcsnél a hatás mértéke és előjele azonban nagyban függhet a fajtáktól is. Egy az AGFORWARD projekt keretében végzett magyarországi kísérlet eredményei azt mutatják, hogy fás sávos köztestermesztésben lucerna és gyorsan növő fafaj társításával a takarmánynövény hozama javítható.

Due to unfavorable soil conditions and high fragmentation of parcels, deer farming can be interesting alternative for Polish farmers. Fallow deer (Dama dama) is a species adapted to mosaic arable, grasslands and forest landscape with forage quality variation, more resistant to disease and parasites than red deer. In order to maintain high welfare, the grazing area should be located on diversified terrain with woodlands and trees complexes and with access to fresh water. Optimum livestock density in rotational systems is between 5-15 animals ha-1, depending on forage quality. Minimum 2m high mesh fences with electric fence at the bottom are recommended. Paddocks should include extra feeding racks, mineral licks and winter shields. Special room for catching should be planned. In comparison to other domesticated ungulates, level of faecal contamination is not high, reducing nutrients loss. Faecal nutrient contamination may be reduced further by introduction of woody plants catching up nutrients. Grazing can be combined with traditional orchards or high-quality wood production (deer feed on acorns), but trees should be protected against browsing and debarking. Leaves and shoots of hazelnuts, elderberry, mountain ash, beech or willow are eagerly eaten by the animals. The bark of barberry is considered to improve deer productivity and welfare. In general, the more diversified vegetation within the paddock, the better meat quality. According to economic studies, net margin from fallow deer production is the highest or comparable to cattle production. Moreover, their mild behaviour encourage people to keep them in agro-touristic farms, attracting visitors.

Z powodu niekorzystnych warunków glebowych oraz dużego rozdrobnienia działek, hodowla jeleniowatych może być ciekawą alternatywą dla Polskich rolników. Daniel zwyczajny (Dama dama) jest gatunkiem, przystosowanym do mozaikowego krajobrazu rolno-leśno-łąkowego, cechującego się zróżnicowaniem bazy paszowej, jest również bardziej odporny na choroby i pasożyty niż jeleń szlachetny. Wypas powinien być prowadzony na zróżnicowanym terenie, obejmującym obszary leśne i zadrzewienia, należy umożliwić łatwy dostęp do świeżej wody. Optymalna obsada w systemach rotacyjnych powinna wynosić 5-15 zwierząt/ha, w zależności od jakości pastwiska.  Zaleca się ogrodzenie pastwiska siatką o wysokości co najmniej 2 metrów oraz zainstalowanie pastucha elektrycznego w dolnej części siatki. Na kwaterach należy ustawić paśniki z dodatkową paszą, lizawki oraz osłony przeciwwietrzne. Należy również zaplanować odłownie. Poziom nawożenia pastwiska jest stosunkowo niski, co ogranicza stratę składników pokarmowych, dodatkowo można ją ograniczyć przez wprowadzenie roślin drzewiastych. Wypas można połączyć z tradycyjnymi sadami lub produkcją wysokogatunkowego drewna (jelenie odżywiają się żołędziami), ale drzewa powinny być chronione przed zgryzaniem czy spałowaniem. Liście i pędy orzechów laskowych, bzu, jarzębiny, buka czy wierzby są chętnie zjadane przez zwierzęta. Kora berberysu poprawia dobrostan jeleniowatych i ich produktywność. Badania ekonomiczne pokazują, że zysk netto z hodowli danieli jest wyższy lub porównywalny z hodowlą bydła mięsnego. Ponadto, łagodne usposobienie danieli może zachęcić do ich posiadania w gospodarstwach agroturystycznych

Sławomir Sobiepanek's farm is a small 20-ha farm in Mazovian region, 50 km from Warsaw located on poor sandy soils. This is a typical agro-touristic farm, however the farmer is interested in developing goat cheese and honey production as well. What is unique here is a specific combination of goats grazing in afforested land and bee-keeping. This interaction allows maintaining biodiversity, which is beneficial for feeding both groups of animals. Goats are grazed in a rotational system including the border area of forest and pasture. Mesh and mobile electric fences are used. The farmer observes that grazing has a positive impact on grassland biodiversity, increases soil moisture and protects against forest fire. Common invasive plants (e.g. goldenrod, black cherry) are being successfully removed by animals. There are some drawbacks and limitations - fences need to be adjusted frequently. Since goats are chasing over long distances, providing security for them is time-consuming. So far, profitability of goats production is low but it is still a diversified production. The farm delivers high quality products (goat dairy products, honey, vegetables) for the farm guests. The farm, belonging to Network of Education Farms, attracts hundreds of guests and thousands of school children every year. This shows agroforestry innovations can be a viable option for smallholders, involved in educational and agro-tourism activities.

Gospodarstwo Sławomira Sobiepanka jest niewielkim 20-hektarowym gospodarstwem na Mazowszu, 50 kilometrów od Warszawy. Zlokalizowane jest na słabych glebach piaszczystych. Jest to typowe gospodarstwo agroturystyczne, jednak rolnik jest również zainteresowany rozwijaniem produkcji koziego sera i miodów. Wyjątkową cechą gospodarstwa jest połączenie wypasu kóz w zadrzewieniach z hodowlą pszczół. Interakcja tych dwóch grup zwierząt pozwala zachować bioróżnorodność, co jest korzystne dla bazy pokarmowej każdej z nich. Kozy są wypasane w systemie rotacyjnym ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem strefy przejściowej pomiędzy lasem a łąką. Obszar wypasu jest ogrodzony siatką oraz pastuchem. W opinii rolnika, prowadzony sposób wypasu zwiększa bioróżnorodność runi, wilgotność gleby oraz chroni las przed pożarem. Inwazyjne gatunki roślin (nawłoć kanadyjska, czeremcha amerykańska) są usuwane przez pasące się zwierzęta. Jest kilka wad i ograniczeń tego systemu – ogrodzenia wymagają częstego przestawiania, konieczność przemieszczania kóz na dalsze odległości czy zapewniania im bezpieczeństwa. Chociaż opłacalność produkcji kóz nie jest wysoka, ale pozwala na dywersyfikację produkcji. Gospodarstwo dostarcza produktów wysokiej jakości (kozi nabiał, miód, warzywa) dla gości. Należy do Sieci Zagród Edukacyjnych i przyciąga rocznie kilkaset gości oraz tysiące dzieci szkolnych. Przykład pokazuje, że innowacje rolno-leśne mogą być opłacalne dla małych gospodarstw, które są zaangażowane w działania edukacyjne i agro-turystyczne.

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