Successful tree establishment depends on minimising competition from other vegetation (like grass) for water and nutrients. The closer the grass is to the tree seedling, the slower the tree grows. Controlling competitive herbaceous species within 1-2 m around newly established tree seedlings, and then for 2-3 years after planting, enhances tree survival, growth and financial gain. Mulching is one of the most beneficial practices a farmer can use to establish healthy tree plants. When applied correctly, organic mulches /coarse textured mulches have many beneficial effects on saplings but also on the soil.

Comparative benefits of organic mulches

• Moderate the temperature of the root zone: mulches keep the soil warmer during winter and cooler during summer.

• Prevent loss of water from soil surface by evaporation.

• Help control weeds: mulch prevents light penetration to the soil; the lack of weed growth minimises the loss of soil water through transpiration.

• Prevent soil surface splashing and crusting, allowing rainwater to penetrate into the soil.

• Improve soil structure: as the mulch decays and moves down into the soil.

• Enhance tree establishment.



How to apply organic mulch?

• Begin mulch application just after planting

• Apply organic mulch to the desired depth. Shallow mulch layers [5-7 cm or less] can promote weed growth. A layer of 10-15 cm thickness is recommended. An excessive depth [>15 cm] can decrease water penetration in soil and increase plant stress.

• Mulch is not typically recommended on heavy soils, where drainage is a problem (could promote root rot diseases)

• Keep mulch away from tree stems. Aim for a distance of at least 5-10 cm.

• Replace mulch as needed to maintain the desired depth



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