INCREdible - Innovation Networks of Cork, Resins and Edibles in the Mediterranean basin - Aromatic and Medicinal Plants iNet

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The adaptation of the forest management plans will allow better conditions for both biomass production and the diversity and occurrence of nwfp’s. The wood (timber) quality and its price can be increased, together with the higher number of sold licences for nwfp’s collection. The potential for territorial branding, education and development of forest science are created. With the cooperation of all value chain representatives and by the constant education on examples of good practice the awareness on proper forest management ecosystem diversity preservation rises. The stability of the forest ecosystem has also a positive impact on animal species that lives in it.The proper management of the forest enhancing the production of nwfp’s does not necesseraly implies the decrease of the wood biomass production. Through the increase intensity of forest thinnings, the forests can preserve their stability and structure, increasing their potential for bigger wood growth and occurrence of nwfp’s, having a positive impact on rural economy. Because a licence is needed for nwfp's collection in state forests, public consultation for management plan approval should take into consideration the opinion of all forest users. Scientific research on each locality should be enabled so a scientific opinion on each type of forest management could be developed. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/19814

Prilagođenim načinom gospodarenja stvaraju se povoljni uvjeti za razvoj drvne biomase, te raznovrsnost i količinu nedrvnih šumskih proizvoda. Povećava se kvaliteta drva, prihod od prodaje drva te prodaja dozvola za sakupljanje nedrvnih proizvoda. Stvara se potencijal za brendiranje lokaliteta, edukaciju i razvoj šumarske znanosti. Suradnjom svih dionika lanca vrijednosti i edukacijom na primjerima dobre prakse podiže se svijest o pravilnom gospodarenju šumama i očuvanju raznolikosti ekosustava. Stabilnost šume ima i povoljan utjecaj na životinjski svijet koji na datom lokalitetu egzistira.Gospodarenje šumskim područjima na način da se potencira proizvodnja nedrvnih proizvoda ne umanjuje proizvodnju drvne mase. Šume zadržavaju stabilnost i sastojinsku strukturu, proredama jačeg intenziteta te redovitim čišćenjem stvara se potencijal za veći drvni prirast i pojavnost nedrvnih proizvoda, čime se povoljno utječe i na ruralnu ekonomiju. Budući da je za sakupljanje nedrvnih proizvoda u državnim šumama potrebno ishodovati dozvolu, javnim savjetovanjima kod stvaranja programa gospodarenja potrebno je uzeti u obzir mišljenja i iskustva svih korisnika šuma. Potrebno je omogućiti istraživanja na svim lokalitetima kako bi se stvorili znanstveni zaključci o svakom pojedinom načinu gospodarenja. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/19814

"The Val di Non and Val di Sole Apples and Flavours route" was designed to integrate the offer of agricultural and wild products, food and wine, hotels and restaurants under one all-embracing itinerary. Apples constitute the most famous product of these valleys, but many others, such as aromatic & medicinal plants, cheeses are involved in the activities carried on by the "route". Food and board facilities, farms, companies and all stakeholders should pay a fix annual fee (around 100 euros) to join the route, that will promote their products and services during local events and fair. To date, more than 200 companies are included in the "route", whose activities animated the valley throughout the year. The success of "The Val di Non and Val di Sole Apples and Flavours route" demonstrates that the synergies between the public sector (tourist promotion agency) and private companies are essential to diversify the classic tourism offer of a region. The branding of a territory should be comprehensive and multidisciplinary, including all its peculiarities, also the gastronomic ones. Utilize the most iconic product (apples in this case) to promote secondary ones, such as aromatic and medicinal plants, mushrooms, wild berries, wild nuts, honey and several others, is a smart and effective promotion strategy. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/19801

Strada della Mela e dei Sapori delle Valli di Non e di Sole è stato progettato per coordinare l'offerta di prodotti agricoli e selvatici, cibo e vino, hotel e ristoranti in un’unica iniziativa/percorso globale. Le mele costituiscono il prodotto più famoso di queste vallate, ma altri tra cui le piante aromatiche & medicinali, sono inclusi nell’iniziativa. Le organizzazioni e le aziende che intendono diventare membri della “strada” pagano una quota annuale (circa 100 euro): ad oggi circa 200 aziende/organizzazioni locali hanno aderito. I prodotti e i servizi dagli aderenti (produttori, aziende di trasformazione e del settore terziario) vengono promossi e coinvolti nelle attività proposte dalla “strada” tutto l’anno. Il successo del percorso "Strada della Mela e dei Sapori delle Valli di Non e di Sole" dimostra che le sinergie tra il settore pubblico (l’agenzia di promozione turistica) e le aziende private sono fondamentali per diversificare l'offerta turistica tradizionale di una regione. Il “branding” di un territorio dovrebbe essere completo e multidisciplinare, includendo tutte le sue peculiarità, anche quelle gastronomiche. Nella stategia promozionale della "strada" le mele sono sfruttate anche per la promozione di prodotti secondari come il miele, i funghi, le piante officinali e aromatiche, i frutti di bosco e molti altri. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/19801

The arboretums set up throughout the country are 28 in number. They have the distinction of covering very different and very contrasting bioclimatic and edaphic conditions. 28 arboretums have been set up including 208 coniferous and broadleaved species in 32 genera that the most important are: Eucalyptus genus: 117 species; Acacia: 26 species; Pinus: 18 species; Casuarina: 7 species

The study of the adaptive behavior of the species relative to the different environmental conditions and the evaluation of their productivity has made it possible to draw up a list of the most suitable species for the environment and the most productive, suitable for many uses.Arboreta offer a wide range of species with different production and uses objectives:

Species of forest interest for the production of wood and biomass such as: Pinus laricio and Eucalyptus saligna, (in humid bioclimate), Pinus brutia and Eucalyptus brockwayi (in wet and semi-arid bioclimates).

Pastoral species of interest such as: Pistacia atlantica, Prosopis juliflora, Acacia salicina

Species of honey interest such as Eu bicolor, Eu gillii, Eu lehmani, Eu incressata, Eu

salubris, Eu Leucoxylon.

Species of ornamental interest including several species of Eucalyptus, Acacia and Cypress.

Bioenergetic species of interest: Eucalyptus diversifolia and Eu. lehmanii.

Agroforestry species of interest: Ceratonia siliqua and Argania spinosa. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20172

Les arboretums mis en place à travers tout les pays sont au nombre de 28. Ils ont la particularité de couvrir des conditions bioclimatiques et édaphiques très différentes et très contrastées.

28 arboretums comprennent 208 espèces résineuses et feuillues réparties en 32 genres dont les plus importants:

            Genre Eucalyptus : 117 espèces

            Genre Acacia : 26 espèces

            Genre Pinus : 18 espèces

            Genre Casuarina : 7 espèces

L’étude du comportement adaptatif des espèces en rapport avec les différents facteurs du milieu et l’évaluation de leur productivité a permis d’arrêter une liste des espèces les plus adaptées au milieu et les plus productives, convenant à des usages très diversifiés.Les arboretums offrent un éventail d’espèces répondant à des objectifs de production différents pour des usages très variés :

Des espèces d’intérêt forestier pour la production du bois et de la biomasse telles que Pinus laricio et Eucalyptus saligna, (en bioclimat humide) Pinus brutia et Eucalyptus brockwayi (en en bioclimats sub humide et semi aride).

Des espèces d’intérêt pastoral telles que : Pistacia atlantica, Prosopis juliflora, Acacia salicina.

Des espèces d’intérêt mellifère telles que : Eu. bicolor, Eu. gillii, Eu. lehmani, Eu. incressata, Eu. salubris, Eu. Leucoxylon.

Des espèces d’intérêt ornemental dont plusieurs espèces d’Eucalyptus, d’Acacia et de cyprès.

Des espèces d’intérêt bioénergétique telles que : Eucalyptus diversifolia et Eu lehmanii.

Des espèces d’intérêt agroforestier telles que : le caroubier et l’arganier. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20172

Implementation of local management plans (at municipal’s or municipality communities’ scale) including:

- Resources assessment: mapping, land status and uses of the sites, coverage rate, estimation of exploitable resource;

- Memory of picking sites through the record of harvest history;

- Management recommendations: picking rate, rotations cycles;

- Populations monitoring for the harvested species.

Adapted protocols are specifically built for the three targeted species, in close cooperation with all stakeholders.Developing partnerships, management plans and monitoring systems is essential. Even if some questions are remaining open, these tools allow to set recommendations for a sustainable picking. For example, wild garlic is a species on the edge of familial and professional picking, which requires to:

- Avoid harvesting every year in the same site and spread as much as possible the frequentation;

- Maintain zones free from picking on each site;

- Only collect leaves which size is larger than 10 cm (width of the palm of the hand), without removing bulbs or petiole;

- Avoid picking all the leave of an individual plant;

- Lower the picking of flower buds and flowers. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20901

Mise en place de plans de gestion locaux (à l’échelle d’une commune ou d’une communauté de communes) avec :

- Évaluation de la ressource : cartographie, statut foncier des sites et leurs usages, taux de recouvrement, estimation de la ressource exploitable ;

- Mémoire des sites de cueillette via un registre centralisant l’historique des récoltes ;

- Préconisations de gestion : taux de prélèvements, organisation des rotations ;

- Suivi des populations de plantes cueillies.

Des protocoles spécifiques et adaptés sont construits pour les trois espèces cibles, en concertation avec les acteurs.Des partenariats, plans de gestions et dispositifs de suivis sont à mettre en place. Si certaines questions restent en suspens, des préconisations pour une cueillette durable peuvent ainsi être établies grâce à ces outils. À titre d’exemple, pour l’ail des ours, espèce forestière à la croisée des cueillettes familiales et professionnelles, on insistera sur :

- Éviter de cueillir systématiquement dans le même site chaque année, et répartir la fréquentation ;

- Maintenir des zones non cueillies sur chaque station ;

- Prélever uniquement des feuilles de plus de 10 cm (largeur de la paume de la main) sans arracher les bulbes et en laissant le pétiole ;

- Éviter de cueillir toutes les feuilles d’un même individu ;

- Limiter le prélèvement des boutons floraux et des fleurs. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20901

By using traceability systems, like trace-me.org developed within the Incredible project, producers of aromatic and medicinal products can advertise their products in addition to the information contained on the packaging and label. Also, more information can be provided about the product, including certificates, if they have any. This traceability tool isn’t developed only to trace production steps of a product – it is designed also to trace harvesters, places of origin, species of origin and processors. All those info’s can be categorized by various custom filters. It can work from two sides – by scanning the trace-me.org QR code of the product or by visiting directly the website and search for relevant informations.In order to take full advantage of the system, a marketing campaign among the local producers should be carried out. The more data the system contains, more visible the website will be. The system can be used also to advertise processors or harvesters that do not produce a final product. If a harvester do not have the required tools to process the final product, the trace-me.org system can be used as ‘yellow pages’ for finding the needed contacts. Although the system is designed to trace the final product, at the end became obvious that all other value chain stakeholders can also be traced. In addition to its purpose, the system can have a great added value in terms of development of rural economy. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20874

Koristeći sustave sljedivosti, poput trace-me.org razvijenih u sklopu "Incredible" projekta, proizvođači aromatičnih i ljekovitih proizvoda mogu oglašavati svoje proizvode uz informacije sadržane na pakiranju i na etiketi. Također se može dobiti više informacija o proizvodu, uključujući i certifikate, ukoliko postoje. Ovaj alat za sljedivost nije razvijen samo za praćenje proizvodnog procesa - također je osmišljen za praćenje berača, mjesta podrijetla, biljnih vrsta i prerađivača. Svi se ti podaci mogu kategorizirati u različite prilagođene filtre. Može raditi s dvije strane - skeniranjem trace-me.org QR-koda ili direktno posjetom web mjestu i traženjem relevantnih informacija.Kako bi se u potpunosti iskoristio sustav, potrebno je provesti marketinšku kampanju među lokalnim proizvođačima. Što više podataka sadrži sustav, to će web stranica biti vidljivija. Sustav se može koristiti i za reklamiranje prerađivača ili sakupljača koji ne proizvode krajnji proizvod. Ako sakupljač ne posjeduje potrebne strojeve za obradu konačnog proizvoda, sustav trace-me.org može se upotrijebiti kao oglasnik za pronalazak potrebnih kontakata. Iako je sustav zamišljen da bi se pratio proizvodni proces konačnog proizvoda, na kraju je postalo očito da i svi ostali dionici u vrijednosnom lancu također mogu biti pronađeni. Osim svoje namjene, sustav može imati veliku dodanu vrijednost u smislu razvoja ruralnog gospodarstva. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20874

The Rosmarinus officinalis populations collected tally with the chemical characteristics of Moroccan rosemary. There were found different chemotypes in the different peninsular Spanish bio-regions classification.

A negative significant correlation between the concentration of essential oil and the altitude of the wild population habitat was found. Almost half of the populations had high 1,8-cineol (>24%) content and high yield of essential oil (>2%). The variability in the essential oil concentration was from 2,99% de highest to 0,82 the lowest. The variability in α-pinene was from 32,56% to 5.34%, in 1,8-cineol was from 37,03% to 12.23%, in camphor the variability was from 38,42% to 6,22% and in the verbenone from 5,49% to 0,01%.There are a large number of MAP species from which essential oils are obtained and traded and the quality of which is standardized and normalized by UNE and ISO standards. To know these quality parameters is important as a guide to discriminate between the different wild populations of a certain species, choosing those that are as similar as possible to these standards agreed among all the agents involved in the standardization.

In addition to selected and improved plant material, agronomic and post-harvest processing management should also be standardized as much as possible to decrease the variability of the final product obtained. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20846

Las poblaciones de Rosmarinus officinalis muestreadas coincidieron químicamente con las características del "romero marroquí" encontrándose diferentes quimiotipos en las diferentes bio-regiones de la España peninsular.

Se encontró una correlación negativa entre la concentración de aceite esencial y la altitud de los hábitats además de una gran variabilidad en la riqueza en aceite esencial, presentando un 2.99% la población más rica y un 0.82% la mas pobre. Más de la mitad de las poblaciones tenian un contenido elevado de 1,8-cineol (>24%) y también de aceite esencial (>2%). La variabilidad en α-pinene fue de 32,56% a 5.34%, en 1,8-cineol de 37,03% a 12.23%, en alcanfor de 38,42% a 6,22% y en verbenona de 5,49% a 0,01%.Existen un gran número de especies de plantas aromáticas y medicinales de las cuales se obtienen y se comercializan aceites esenciales cuya calidad está estandarizada y normalizada mediante normas UNE y ISO. Conocer estos parámetros de calidad es importante como guía para discriminar entre las diferentes poblaciones silvestres de una determinada especie escogiendo aquellas que se asemejen lo máximo posible a estos estándares consensuados entre todos los agentes implicados en la normalización.

Además de partir de un material vegetal seleccionado y mejorado, los manejos agronómicos y de transformación post-cosecha también se deberían estandarizar lo máximo posible para disminuir la variabilidad del producto final obtenido. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20846

The obtained results showed that Fraxinus angustifolia is a very rich plant in secondary metabolites. High contents in polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins were observed in both extracts of all studied organs. Significant differences were found between both provenances of the two organs. The highest amounts of polyphenols (24,84 ± 0,57 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoids (2,71 ± 0,15 mg CE/g DW), total tannins (138,07 ± 5,77 mg CE/g DW) and condensed tannins (68,43 ± 5,76 mg CE/g DW) were shown for Béja bark ethanolic extracts. The level of antioxidant activity estimated by DPPH test systems was high for Nefza bark (IC50 = 7,12 ± 0,07 µg/ml) and Nefza ethanolic extracts leaves (IC50 = 8,81 ± 0,20 µg/ml).These results are preliminary; it would be interesting to do additional studies to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of these effects. These studies should also be directed towards the purification of extracts and the evaluation of purified compounds for their effects on the indications involved in biological activities. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20804

Les résultats obtenus ont montré que notre espèce Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. subsp. angustifolia est riche en composés phénoliques. Cette concentration varie d'un extrait à un autre et d'une provenance à une autre. Les extraits éthanoliques des feuilles et d'écorces manifestent une activité antioxydante plus importante que les extraits aqueux. L'activité antioxydante des différents extraits présentaient de fortes activités antioxydantes et anti-radicalaires. Le niveau d'activité antioxydante estimé par les systèmes de test DPPH était élevé pour l'écorce de Nefza (IC50 = 7,12 ± 0,07 µg/ml) et les feuilles d'extraits éthanoliques de Nefza (IC50 = 8,81 ± 0,20 µg/ml).Ces résultats restent préliminaires, il serait intéressant de faire des études complémentaires pour comprendre les mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires de cette espèce autochtone, qui ne présente aucune forme de protection à l’échelle nationale. Ces études doivent être aussi orientées vers la purification des extraits et l’évaluation des composés purifiés et leurs effets sur la production des molécules bioactives et leurs activités biologiques. Les études doivent s’orienter aussi sur l’extraction et la caractérisation des extraits de graines de cette espèce autochtone. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20804

In the first part within this project, seventy-one herbal medicinal products were randomly purchased throughout Greece and analyzed using metabarcoding to identify species. The aim was to investigate possible adulteration and assess the ability of metabarcoding for plant based product authentication. Of the detected species in our analyses we found species that were not listed on the product labels. This indicates a high level of adulteration and/or contamination during processing and distribution. We also identified the presence of toxic species, as major ingredients of two herbal mixtures for medicinal purposes. The detection of the latter two species was also confirmed through Bar-HRM analysis.The study revealed a need for stricter quality control of herbal products, especially because of the presence of toxic species. Low fidelity was found to be an issue, also in short chains of commercialization. We state that standardization of protocols is necessary before DNA metabarcoding can be implemented as a routine analytical approach and approved by competent authorities for use in a regulatory framework. Also, the availability of a rich and reliable DNA reference database is a prerequisite for successful implementation. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20737

Στο πρώτο μέρος αυτού του έργου, εβδομήντα ένα φυτικά φαρμακευτικά προϊόντα αγοράστηκαν τυχαία σε όλη την Ελλάδα και αναλύθηκαν με χρήση κωδικοποίησης metabarcoding για τον προσδιορισμό των ειδών. Ο στόχος ήταν να διερευνηθεί η πιθανή νοθεία και να εκτιμηθεί η ικανότητα μετα-κωδικοποίησης για τον έλεγχο ταυτότητας με βάση τα φυτά. Από τα είδη που εντοπίστηκαν στις αναλύσεις μας, βρήκαμε είδη που δεν περιλαμβάνονται στις ετικέτες του προϊόντος. Αυτό υποδηλώνει ένα υψηλό επίπεδο νοθείας και / ή μόλυνσης κατά τη διάρκεια της επεξεργασίας και της διανομής. Προσδιορίσαμε επίσης την παρουσία τοξικών ειδών, ως κύρια συστατικά δύο φυτικών μιγμάτων για ιατρικούς σκοπούς. Η ανίχνευση των δύο τελευταίων ειδών επιβεβαιώθηκε επίσης μέσω ανάλυσης Bar-HRM.Η μελέτη ανέδειξε την ανάγκη για αυστηρότερο ποιοτικό έλεγχο των φυτικών προϊόντων, ειδικά λόγω της παρουσίας τοξικών ειδών. Η χαμηλή πιστότητα βρέθηκε να αποτελεί πρόβλημα, επίσης και σε μικρές εμπορικές αλυσίδες. Θεωρούμε ότι η τυποποίηση των πρωτοκόλλων είναι απαραίτητη προτού η μετα-κωδικοποίηση DNA μπορεί να εφαρμοστεί ως μια ρουτίνα αναλυτική προσέγγιση και να εγκριθεί από τις αρμόδιες αρχές για χρήση σε ένα κανονιστικό πλαίσιο. Επίσης, η διαθεσιμότητα μιας πλούσιας και αξιόπιστης βάσης δεδομένων αναφοράς DNA είναι απαραίτητη προϋπόθεση για την επιτυχή εφαρμογή. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20737

In the Pyrenees, harvest Arctostaphylos uva-ursi should occur in populations located in areas without shadow tree and/or on southern slopes as these areas have the highest leaf production and the richest in arbutin content. Plant collection should be done in the autumn, when the highest content in arbutin occur, and also to do the least harm to the regeneration capacity of the plants. Only a small portion of the total stems and leaves (< 25% of the stand cover) should be cut to minimize any effect on regeneration capacity of the plant. The frequency of collection on the same population should be at least every three to four years, so a record of activity in the extraction areas is necessary.The preservation of A. uva-ursi wild populations is justified for the commercial interest and ecological relevance of the plant (against soil erosion and nesting habitat), so after three years study in four Pyrenees locations, the main results showed that the harvesting practices have a real impact to the plant regeneration. So, in order to maintain the wild populations the main recommendations are: harvesting the plant in autumn to obtain the highest leaf yield and concentration of arbutin, gathering on southern slopes without a shadow tree, cutting only a partial portion of stem and leaves (≤ 25% of total biomass), and harvesting the same population only after three to four years after the previous harvesting. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20732

En los Pirineos, la recolección de A. uva-ursi se debe realizar en poblaciones situadas en áreas abiertas sin cubierta arbórea y/o en pendientes orientadas al sur ya que estas presentaran una mayor producción de biomasa foliar y son más ricas en arbutina. La recolección se debe hacer en otoño, cuando hay mayor concentración en arbutina, y también porque es cuando se daña menos la regeneración de la planta. En cuanto a la intensidad de recolección, esta debe ser baja cortando solo una pequeña porción de hojas y tallos (< del 25% de la cubierta), comprometiendo la regeneración si es mayor. La frecuencia de recolección sobre una misma población debe ser, como mínimo, cada tres-cuatro años, por lo que es necesario un registro de actividad.La preservación de las poblaciones silvestres de A. uva-ursi está justificada por su importancia económica y ecológica (protege el suelo de la erosión y ofrece un hábitat de nidación para algunas especies). Por eso, después de tres años de estudio en cuatro localidades de los Pirineos, los principales resultados mostraron que las prácticas de recolección tienen un impacto real en su regeneración. Así, para mantener las poblaciones silvestres se recomienda: recolectar en otoño para obtener el mayor rendimiento en hojas con la mayor riqueza de arbutina, en pendientes orientadas al sur y sin cubierta arbórea, cortando solo una pequeña porción de hojas y tallos (≤ 25% de la biomasa total), y tener unos turnos de retorno de tres-cuatro años. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20732

Upon the completion of the program, the participants will be trained on most things that has to do with AMP exploitation, such us cultivation and processing, legislation and certification and marketing. The total duration of the program is 295 hours. The training program started at 2016 and until now there have been completed 5 sessions in total in different regions. Until now, the training program have been completed by 70 people out of the 125 initial participants. Many of them already run their own business in the field.Aromatic and Medicinal Plants exploitation can offer many advantages for young people that want to enhance their profit or have an alternative basic way of income. However, the lack of knowledge in certain topics can lead to bad results. We encourage people to participate in schools and training projects like the one we organize. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20725

Με την ολοκλήρωση του προγράμματος, οι συμμετέχοντες θα έχουν εκπαιδευτεί στα περισσότερα θέματα σχετικά με την εκμετάλλευση των ΑΦΦ, όπως η καλλιέργεια και επεξεργασία, το νομοθετικό πλαίσιο, οι πιστοποίηση και το marketing. Η συνολική διάρκεια του προγράμματος είναι 295 ώρες. Το πρόγραμμα ξεκίνησε το 2016 και μέχρι σήμερα έχουν ολοκληρωθεί 5 κύκλοι σε διαφορετικές περιοχές. Μέχρι σήμερα, στο πρόγραμμα έχουν εγγραφεί 125 άτομα και έχουν ολοκληρώσει 70, πολλοί από τους οποίους έχουν ήδη τις δικές τους επιχειρήσεις στον χώρο.Η εκμετάλλευση αρωματικών και φαρμακευτικών φυτών μπορεί να προσφέρει πολλές δυνατότητες στους νέους που θέλουν να αυξήσουν το εισόδημά τους ή να αποκτήσουν μια εναλλακτική πηγή βασικού εισοδήματος. Ωστόσο, η έλλειψη γνώσης σε συγκεκριμένα θέματα μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε κακά αποτελέσματα. Συνιστούμε στους ανθρώπους να συμμετέχουν σε σχολεία και εκπαιδευτικά προγράμματα σαν αυτό που οργανώνουμε. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20725

The AMP cultivation field has been established about 7 years ago and in a very limited area of only 5 acres. The main cultivated species are Melissa officinalis and Lavender sp. Although the soils in the fields of the depositions are very degraded and poor, the yields of the plants are quite high. According to our tests, that are performed seasonally, the qualitative characteristics of the harvested plant material are very high. From the harvested material, we produce essential oil, which is packaged in small bottles and used as a present to our public events.According to our results and experience, the establishment of AMP cultivation in degraded lands of mine depositions can be an effective way for their reclamation. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20712

Η καλλιεργούμενη έκταση των ΑΦΦ έχει εγκατασταθεί πριν από περίπου 7 χρόνια σε μια πολύ περιορισμένη έκταση μόλις 5 στρεμμάτων. Τα κύρια καλλιεργούμενα είδη είναι Melissa officinalis και Lavender sp.. Παρόλο που τα εδάφη στις περιοχές των αποθέσεων είναι πολύ υποβαθμισμένα, οι αποδόσεις των φυτών είναι αρκετά υψηλές. Σύμφωνα με τους ελέγχους μας, που διεξάγονται περιοδικά, τα ποιοτικά χαρακτηριστικά των καλλιεργούμενων φυτών είναι πολύ υψηλά. Από το παραγόμενο προϊόν παράγουμε αιθέριο έλαιο, το οποίο εμφιαλώνεται σε φιαλίδια και χρησιμοποιείται κατά κύριο λόγο ως δώρο στις εκδηλώσεις της εταιρείας.Σύμφωνα με τα αποτελέσματα και την εμπειρία μας, η εγκατάσταση καλλιεργειών αρωματικών και φαρμακευτικών φυτών σε υποβαθμισμένες εκτάσεις ορυχείων μπορεί να αποτελέσει έναν πολύ αποτελεσματικό τρόπο για την αποκατάστασή τους. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20712

In the European project ValuePAM, a "Methodology to assess a medicinal or aromatic species as a wild resource to implement sustainable harvesting" is presented. This guidebook exposes a procedure to follow to carry out the analysis of a wild plant species in a certain moment and area and its quantitative and qualitative evaluation. If the species is valued as a resource, a protocol is presented to design a sustainable collection management and the design of follow-up and control of the extraction activity over time. If, on the other hand, the species is not in a condition to be collected, a regeneration plan should be proposed and monitored over time.In order to evaluate if a species can be a resource and how it should be used, the procedure to follow is:

Analysis of the current situation of the plant species to be exploited.

Evaluation of the resource: approximation of the geographic area to be exploited.

Quantitative evaluation of the resource: abundance, distribution and structure of the population

Qualitative evaluation of the resource: prospecting and chemical characterisation of the natural resource.

Proposal of the exploitation plan.

Design of monitoring and control of the extraction activity over time. Monitoring. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20708

En el proyecto europeo ValuePAM, se presenta una “Metodología para valorar una especie aromática o medicinal como recurso silvestre que permita aplicar una recolección sostenible”. Esta guía expone directrices para realizar el análisis de una especie vegetal silvestre en un determinado momento y zona, y su valoración cuantitativa y cualitativa. Si la especie se valora como un recurso, se presenta un protocolo para diseñar un plan de recolección sostenible y el diseño de seguimiento y control de la actividad de extracción en el tiempo. Si por el contrario, la especie no está en condiciones de ser recolectada, se debe proponer un plan de regeneración y su monitorización en el tiempo.Para evaluar si una especie puede ser un recurso y como se debe proceder a su aprovechamiento, el procedimiento a seguir es:

Análisis de la situación actual de la especie vegetal que se quiere aprovechar.

Evaluación del recurso: aproximación a la zona geográfica susceptible de aprovechamiento.

Evaluación cuantitativa del recurso: abundancia, distribución y estructura de la población.

Evaluación cualitativa del recurso: prospección y caracterización química del recurso natural.

Propuesta del plan de aprovechamiento.

Diseño de seguimiento y control de la actividad de extracción en el tiempo. Monitoreo. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20708

FWS started in 2006 with the ISSC-MAP, defining guidelines and providing tools to collectors, producers and decision makers for the planning and implementation of a sustainable resource management based on the GACP guidelines. It was later updated, based on Fair Trade principles and International Labour Organisation (ILO) standards, jointly implemented with other organic or ecological ones. In 2008 FairWild Foundation was created and in 2010 FWS v 2.0 was published combining the former standards. FairWild mission is to enable transformation of resource management (including plants, fungi and lichen) and business practices to be ecologicaly, socially and economically sustainable throughout the supply chain of wild-collected products.FairWild encourages all business to implement the FWS. Then, FairWild Certification is addressed to producers (benefiting the longevity of target species, as well as the harvesting communities), to traders (connecting companies with certified suppliers and helping brands to market their products using FairWild mark) and to retailers (to source responsible products and to build consumer awareness). Several guidance resources are provided: FWS Overview Documents; FWS Principles and Implementation Guidance (Resource assessment, Management planning, Management plans for low risk species, Sustainable WC practices, Internal control system, Quality assurance and Social and fair trade aspects) and; Labelling, Trading and Certification Procedures. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20699

EFW comenzó en 2006 con el ISSC-MAP, definiendo pautas y brindando herramientas a los recolectores, productores y gestores para planificar e implementar la gestión sostenible de los recursos según pautas de BPAR. Más tarde se actualizó, en base a principios de Comercio Justo y normas de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT), implementado junto con otros principios ecológicos y ambientales. En 2008 se creó FairWild Foundation y en 2010 se publicó la EFW v 2.0 combinando los estándares anteriores. La misión de FairWild es permitir que la transformación de la gestión de recursos silvestres (plantas, hongos y líquenes) y de las prácticas comerciales sean ecológica, social y económicamente sostenibles en toda la cadena de suministro.FairWild alienta a las empresas a implementar el EFW. Así, la Certificación FairWild se dirige a productores (beneficiando la longevidad de especies y las comunidades recolectoras), a comerciantes (conectándolos con proveedores certificados y posicionando sus productos con la marca FairWild) y a minoristas (como proveedores responsables y sensibilizadores del consumidor). Proporciona recursos orientativos: Resúmenes y principios de EFW; Guía de implementación (evaluación de recursos, planificación de gestión, planes de gestión para especies de bajo riesgo, prácticas sostenibles de RS, sistema de control interno, garantía de calidad y aspectos sociales y de comercio justo) y; Etiquetado, comercio y procedimientos de certificación. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20699

In France, the Association Française des Professionnels de la Cueillette de plantes sauvages (AFC) represents MAPs collectors, participating in the construction of supply chains and identifying good practices to favor sustainable commercial collection and a responsible profession. In Auvergne, the SICARAPPAM cooperative, with 30 years of experience, brings together 45 MAPs' collectors, collecting and transforming more than 600 references of wild plants (fresh, dried and frozen) certified organic for herbalism, liquor store , pharmacy, phytotherapy, cosmetics, etc. In Catalonia (Spain), the Parc de les Olors sums up, organizes, manages and collaboratively markets the production of small producers.The consolidation of the activity of small producers must be based above all on greater mutualisation, the representativeness of all collectors and training more adapted to the plural nature of the profession and the reality of the market, so that producers can be competitive with a quality product. Thus, collaboration and innovation are crucial and we must bet on technification, so that the activity is profitable and sustainable. It is also necessary to have a good marketing strategy and know the legal requirements well, to reach the market. Finally, setting a fair price will allow a better valuation of these products. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20698

En Francia, la Association Française des Professionnels de la Cueillette de plantes sauvages (AFC) representa a recolectores de PAM, participando en las cadenas de aprovisionamiento e identificando buenas prácticas para favorecer una recolección comercial sostenible y una profesión responsable. En Auvergne, la cooperativa SICARAPPAM, con 30 años de experiencia, agrupa a 45 recolectores de PAM, y realiza el acopio y transformación de más de 600 referencias de plantas silvestres (frescas, secas y congeladas) certificadas ecológicas para la herboristería, licorería, farmacia, fitoterapia, cosmética, etc. En Cataluña (España), el Parc de les Olors suma, organiza, gestiona y comercializa de forma colaborativa la producción de pequeños productores.La consolidación de la actividad de los pequeños productores debe basarse sobre todo en una mayor mutualización, la representatividad de todos los recolectores y una formación más adaptada a la naturaleza plural de la profesión y la realidad del mercado, para que los productores puedan ser competitivos con un producto de calidad. Así pues, la colaboración y la innovación son cruciales y hay que apostar por la tecnificación, para que la actividad sea rentable y sostenible. También es necesario tener una buena estrategia de marketing y conocer bien los requisitos legales, para llegar al mercado. Finalmente, la fijación de un precio justo permitirá una mejor valoración de estos productos. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20698

The compilation of the 19 chapters included in this book describe the use of aromatic plants and their extracts as potential vehicles for natural feed additives, e.g., growth promoters as alternatives to antibiotics, antioxidants, antimicrobials, antivirals, immunostimulators, flavorings, pigments on poultry, pigs, dairy animals, and aquaculture. Attention was also paid to the historic use of aromatic plants, their production and sustainable use of the self-grown or cultivated plants and their global distribution. The introduction of natural products as feed additives in animal nutrition can lead to a high-quality and environmentally friendly end products. The access to this knowledge should be essential to everyone who is working on animal breeding; however, the whole procedure has to be done by the supervision of experts in the field. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20692

Μέσα στα 19 κεφάλαια του βιβλίου, περιγράφεται η χρήση των αρωματικών φυτών και των εκχυλισμάτων τους ως δυνητικών φορέων για φυσικά πρόσθετα ζωοτροφών, π.χ., αυξητικούς παράγοντες, ως εναλλακτικά των αντιβιοτικών, αντιοξειδωτικών, αντιμικροβιακών, αντιικών, ανοσοδιεγερτικών, αρτυμάτων, χρωστικών ουσιών στα πουλερικά, τους χοίρους, τα ζώα γαλακτοπαραγωγής και τις υδατοκαλλιέργειες. Δόθηκε επίσης προσοχή στην ιστορική χρήση αρωματικών φυτών, στην παραγωγή και τη βιώσιμη χρήση των αυτοφυών ή καλλιεργημένων φυτών και στην παγκόσμια κατανομή τους. Η εισαγωγή φυσικών προϊόντων ως πρόσθετων υλών στις ζωοτροφές μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε υψηλής ποιότητας και φιλικά προς το περιβάλλον τελικά προϊόντα. Η πρόσβαση σε αυτές τις γνώσεις πρέπει να είναι απαραίτητη για όλους όσοι ασχολούνται με την εκτροφή ζώων. Ωστόσο, η όλη διαδικασία πρέπει να γίνει με την επίβλεψη ειδικών στον τομέα. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20692

S. scardica and S. raeseri ssp. raeseri and their natural growing areas in Greece and North Macedonia were defined and studied. A protocol illustrating the rules for the sustainable wild collection of plants has been developed. Seeds were deposited to the Greek Gene Bank, and two accessions have been planted in ex situ field collection. Small scale plantations were established (Photo 2). Certain biological and ecological features and requirements were assessed. Plant traits, associated to the commercial value of Sideritis, were estimated. Plants with desired features led to promising genotypes and starting material for further breeding research. A Protocol for the Sustainable exploitation of MAPs through cultivation was developed.Basic information on plants biology, ecology and peculiarities in cultivation (feasible propagation methods, soil, environment, etc) should be thoroughly studied, before introducing MAPs into cultivation. Additionally, appropriate research is needed concerning the selection of superior genotypes in terms of phenotypic and productive traits and desired bioactive compounds. The certified propagation material and the implementation of Good Agricultural Practices will enhance the added value of Sideritis raw material and the standardization of the productive chain. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20671

Τα είδη S. scardica και S. raeseri ssp. raeseri και οι περιοχές ανάπτυξής του σε Ελλάδα και Βόρεια Μακεδονία ορίστηκαν και μελετήθηκαν. Αναπτύχθηκε ένα πρωτόκολλο που παρουσιάζει τους βασικούς κανόνες αειφορικής συλλογής είδους. Τα σπέρματα κατατέθηκαν στην Ελληνική Τράπεζα Γενετικού Υλικού και 2 πληθυσμοί φυτεύτηκαν ex situ. Εγκαταστάθηκαν μικρές καλλιέργειες (Φ. 2). Συγκεκριμένα βιολογικά και οικολογικά χαρακτηριστικά και απαιτήσεις αποτιμήθηκαν. Τα χαρακτηριστικά των φυτών που σχετίζονται με την εμπορική αξία του σιδερίτη εκτιμήθηκαν. Τα άτομα με τα επιθυμητά χαρακτηριστικά οδήγησαν σε υποσχόμενους γενότυπους και υλικό για περαιτέρω έρευνα. Ένα πρωτόκολλο αειφορικής εκμετάλλευσης των ΑΦΦ μέσω εισαγωγής στην καλλιέργεια αναπτύχθηκε.Οι βασικές πληροφορίες βιολογίας φυτού, οικολογίας και καλλιεργητικών ιδιαιτεροτήτων θα πρέπει να μελετώνται διεξοδικά πριν την εισαγωγή ενός ΑΦΦ στην καλλιέργεια. Επίσης, χρειάζεται κατάλληλη έρευνα που αφορά την επιλογή των καλύτερων γενοτύπων με όρους φαινοτυπικών και παραγωγικών χαρακτηριστικών και επιθυμητών βιοδραστικών χαρακτηριστικών. Tο πιστοποιημένο υλικό και η επιτέλεση των Καλών Καλλιεργητικών Πρακτικών θα αυξήσει την προστιθέμενη αξία του σιδερίτη και την σταθεροποίηση της αλυσίδας παραγωγής. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20671

The database is already online (http://mediplantepirus.med.uoi.gr/pharmacology) and it contains information about 400 medicinal plants that grow in Epirus and in most places of the mainland of Greece. In every file, there are pictures of the herb, its official and popular names, taxonomy, the active substances and the parts of the herb containing the active substances, its pharmacological properties and potential toxicity, as well as the methods followed in herb preparations and the way of their administration. This information is based on the references mentioned in the end.

The Database is available in a Greek and an English version.This electronic database is designed to provide information about the herbs of the region of Epirus, a land with a wide diversity of medicinal plants. One can retrieve information based on the official and popular names of medicinal plants, their morphological characteristics, the active substances they contain, the plant parts containing them, their pharmacological properties/therapeutic uses and applications, as well as their potential side effects and toxicity. Some indicative bibliography is also available for further study. It should be noted though that this database cannot be used as a personal therapeutic guide. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20670

Η βάση δεδομένων είναι ήδη σε λειτουργία (http://mediplantepirus.med.uoi.gr/pharmacology) και περιλαμβάνει πληροφορίες για περίπου 400 φαρμακευτικά φυτά που αναπτύσσονται στην Ήπειρο και σε πολλές περιοχές της ηπειρωτικής Ελλάδας. Σε κάθε αρχείο υπάρχουν φωτογραφίες του βοτάνου, η επιστημονική και κοινή ονομασία, ταξινομία, οι δραστικές ουσίες και τα μέρη του φυτού που τις περιέχουν, οι φαρμακευτικές του ιδιότητες και πιθανή τοξικότητα, όπως επίσης μέθοδοι για την προετοιμασία και την χορήγησή του. Η βάση δεδομένων είναι διαθέσιμη στην Ελληνική και Αγγλική γλώσσα.Η ηλεκτρονική βάση δεδομένων είναι σχεδιασμένη για να παρέχει πληροφορίες σχετικά με τα βότανα της περιοχής της Ηπείρου, μιας περιοχής με μεγάλη ποικιλία φαρμακευτικών φυτών. Κάποιος μπορεί να αποκομίσει πληροφορίες με βάση την ονομασία τους ή τις φαρμακευτικές χρήσεις, τις δραστικές ουσίες που περιέχουν, τις φαρμακευτικές τους χρήσεις και εφαρμογές, όπως επίσης και τις παρενέργειες ή τοξικές δράσεις. Πρέπει να σημειωθεί ότι η βάση δεδομένων δεν θα πρέπει να χρησιμοποιείται ως προσωπικός οδηγός θεραπείας. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20670

AROEN is a family-run project that relies on the spontaneous aromatic plants that grow on the private property of the family itself. AROEN has already developed a management plan aimed to enhance aromatic and medicinal plant production. AROEN has also a wide portfolio of products: condiments and teas, essential oils and hydrosols, tinctures and others. Customers are asked not just to purchase the products but to be an active part of the project, participating in the harvesting and in the processing phase. The involvement of the costumers is one of the most important goals of the project, also in order to promote the knowledge concerning "encinar" ecosystems.One of the pillars of the project is the central role of the consumer, which is considered not just as the end of the value chain but as a key part of its early stage: the harvesting of products. The inclusion of the consumer in the supply-chain is considered fundamental to communicate the added value of a wild product compared to an artificial one. Furthermore, thanks to the local production, the origin of the product and its traceability along the value chain are always guaranteed. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20586

AROEN è un progetto a conduzione familiare incentrato sui prodotti forestali non legnosi che crescono spontaneamente sulla proprietà privata della famiglia stessa. AROEN ha già attivato un piano di gestione che dà grande importanza alle piante aromatiche e medicinali, con un dettagliato programma per le tempistiche e le tecniche di raccolta. AROEN ha anche un ampio assortimento di prodotti: condimenti e tè, olii essenziali e idrosol, tinture e altri. Ai clienti viene offerto non solo l'acquisto dei prodotti ma la possibilità di essere una parte attiva del progetto, partecipando alla raccolta e alla fase di lavorazione. Il coinvolgimento dei clienti è uno degli obiettivi più importanti del progetto, anche al fine di promuovere la conoscenza degli ecosistemi della lecceta mediterranea.Uno dei pilastri del progetto è il ruolo centrale del consumatore, che viene considerato non solo come la conclusione della catena del valore, ma ricopre una parte fondamentale della sua fase iniziale: la raccolta dei prodotti. L'inclusione del consumatore nella catena di approvvigionamento è considerata fondamentale per comunicare il valore aggiunto di un prodotto selvaggio rispetto a un prodotto artificiale. Inoltre, grazie alla produzione locale, l'origine del prodotto e la sua tracciabilità lungo la catena del valore sono sempre garantite. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20586

From the very first crop, growers saw the need to finalize the products from the lemon balm and other medicinal plants and to expand their activities. So the decision fell on the production of organic cosmetics after it was determined that lemon balm was not only used for tea, but was also widely used in gastronomy, cosmetics and wellness. The production of own products, which are naturally grown and processed, have been transformed into a recognizable indigenous souvenir. Such products will be present in all Croatian domestic stores, souvenir shops, tourist destinations, spa hotels, etc. Tourists who liked the various products will definitely want to buy them again, and they have this opportunity from their home with the help of a web shop." Kuća magične trave " is the first product range in Croatia to receive the EKO cosmetics and natural cosmetics with ecological ingredients certificates. Therefore, in the future, it should definitely increase production, expand the product range and start using new types of herbs whose medicinal properties are forgotten or rarely used. Also, in order for the customer to have a full experience, it would be worthwhile to have open days or organized tours with visitors who, after visiting the plantations and production facility, could then test the various products they could eventually buy. It is of utmost importance for foreign buyers to be able to buy products from the comfort of their own home, which is why developing a web store is essential. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20551

Već prvim urodom uzgajivači su uvidjeli potrebu za finalizaciju proizvoda od matičnjaka i drugih ljekovitih biljaka te za širenje djelatnosti. Tako je odluka pala na proizvodnju organske kozmetike nakon što se utvrdilo kako se matičnjak ne koristi samo za čaj, već se uvelike koristi i u gastronomiji, kozmetici i welnessu. Proizvodnja vlastitih proizvoda koji su prirodno uzgojeni i prerađeni pretvoreni su u prepoznatljiv autohtoni suvenir. Takvi proizvodi će biti prisutni u svim prodavaonicama domaćih hrvatskih proizvoda, suvenirnicama, turističkim destinacijama, spa hotelima i sl. Turisti kojima su se dopali razni proizvodi svakako će ih ponovo poželjeti kupiti, a tu mogućnost imaju iz svojeg doma uz pomoć web trgovine. “Kuća magične trave” je prva paleta proizvoda u Hrvatskoj koja je dobila oznake odnosno certificate EKO kozmetika i prirodna kozmetika sa ekološkim sastojcima. Stoga bi u budućnosti svakako trebalo povećati proizvodnju, proširiti paletu proizvoda te krenuti koristiti nove vrste biljaka čija su ljekovita svojstva zaboravljena ili se rijetko koriste. Također kako bi kupac mogao imati potpuni doživljaj vrijedilo bi imati dane otvorenih vrata ili organizirane ture s posjetiteljima koji bi uz posjetu plantažama i proizvodnom pogonu, nakon toga mogli testirati razne proivode koje bi u konačnici mogli i kupiti. Za strane kupce je od izuzetne važnosti da imaju mogućnost kupnje proizvoda iz udobnosti svog doma, zato je nužan razvoj web trgovine. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20551

In order to maintain the economic profitability of producers in the aromatic and medicinal plants sector, it is important to achieve a certain amount of revenue that can only be achieved by increasing the production area. It is important to note that this amount of revenue must meet the needs of the producer but also the needs of the customers, that is, the consumer. The problem with small producers is that they cannot independently enter the external market with the final product, because they cannot meet the minimum demand and are thus forced to place their product on a local market that already has similar products.The main recommendation is to increase the area of the plantation, which would lead to increased production, and the increase in production allows the production of the final product. Although the creation of the final product would increase production costs, which is to be expected, but it is important to note that this would result in economic profits being many times higher than when raw materials or semi-finished products are sold. The final product itself is of course not sufficient, but the product must be of good quality in order to be competitive in the market and achieve the desired price. It is also of utmost importance to meet the needs of regular customers, of which the planned profit is realized. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20549

Kako bi se održala ekonomska profitabilnost proizvođača u sektoru aromatičnog i medicinskog bilja važno je dosegnuti određenu količinu prihoda koja se može jedino ostvariti povećanjem proizvodne površine. Tu je važno napomenuti kako ta količina prihoda mora zadovoljiti potrebe proizvođača no isto tako i potrebu kupaca to jest potrošača. Problematika malih proizvođača stoji u tome da oni za samostalno ne mogu izaći na vanjsko tržište s finalnim proizvodom, zato jer ne mogu zadovoljiti minimalne količine potražnje te su samim time primorani svoj proizvod plasirati na lokalnom tržištu koje već ima slične proizvode.Kao glavnu preporuku navodi se povećanje površine nasada što bi dovelo do povećane proizvodnje, a povećanje proizvodnje omogućuje stvaranje proizvodnje finalnog proizvoda. Iako bi se stvaranjem finalnog proizvoda povećali troškovi proizvodnje što je i za očekivati, no važno je napomenuti kako bi se bi time ekonomska dobit bila višetruko veća nego u slučaju kada se prodaje sirovina ili poluproizvodi. Sam finalni proizvod naravno nije dostatan već taj proizvod mora biti kvalitetan kako bi bio konkurentan na tržištu i ostvario željenu cijenu. Također je od iznimne važnosti da se zadovolje potrebe stalnih kupaca od kojih se i ostvaruje planirana dobit. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20549

The study collected and determined a total of 88 taxa. The analysis of the collected plant material revealed 59 taxa belonging to the group of medicinal and aromatic plants, and 41 taxa of honey. By taxonomic analysis, 59 medicinal and aromatic species were distributed within 25 families. One family (with one species) belongs to the Pteridophyta section, while the other 24 families (58 species) belong to the Spermatophyta section. The Magnoliopsida class belongs to 21 families (55 species) and three (each with one species) to the Liliopsida class.In order for a medicinal or aromatic plant to be used properly and effectively for medicinal purposes or for the preparation of spices, it is necessary to know which part of the plant is to be collected, and in what form the drug is used. An analysis of the collected plant species of meadows in the southeastern part of the Samobor Highlands has revealed that the above-ground part of the plant without woody parts is usually collected. It should be noted that in some plants more parts are collected, such as for waterfowl (Cichorium intybus L.), where green is harvested during flowering and root is dug in autumn. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20547

Istraživanjem je prikupljeno i determinirano ukupno 88 svojti. Analizom prikupljenog biljnog materijala ustanovljeno je 59 svojti koje pripadaju skupini ljekovitih i aromatičnih biljaka, a medonosna je 41 svojta. Taksonomskom analizom 59 ljekovitih i aromatičnih vrsta raspoređeno je unutar 25 porodica. Jedna porodica (s jednom vrstom) pripada odjeljku papratnjača (Pteridophyta), dok ostale 24 porodice (58 vrsta) pripadaju odjeljku sjemenjače (Spermatophyta). Razredu Magnoliopsida (dvosupnice) pripada 21 porodica (55 vrsta), a tri (svaka sa po jednom vrstom) razredu Liliopsida (jednosupnice).Da bi određenu ljekovitu ili aromatičnu biljku mogli pravilno i učinkovito primijeniti u medicinske svrhe ili za dobivanje začina, potrebno je znati koji dio biljke treba sakupljati, te u kojem obliku droge se ta vrsta koristi. Analizom prikupljenih biljnih vrsta livada jugoistočnog dijela Samoborskog gorja utvrđeno je da se najčešće sakuplja nadzemni dio biljke bez odrvenjelih dijelova. Treba napomenuti da se kod nekih biljaka sakuplja više dijelova kao na primjer kod vodopije (Cichorium intybus L.) gdje se u doba cvatnje ubire zelen, a u jesen iskopava korijen. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20547

During the study of the vascular flora of the rocky pastures of the islands of Krk, Cres and Pag, a total of 59 species of wild medicinal and aromatic plants belonging to 31 families were recorded. The species of the largest family are Lamiaceae (7), Poaceae (6) and Asteraceae (5). Other families are represented by a smaller number of species (≤ 4). Interestingly, 17 families are represented by only one species, indicating the diversity, not only of medicinal and aromatic plant species, but also of the plant diversity of the rocky pastures of the study area.Of the 59 species identified, by use or use, the most species - 55 of them - can be used for medicinal purposes, while aromatic plants have 16 species. It should be noted that 12 species belong simultaneously to both medicinal and aromatic plants. A relatively high proportion of medicinal plant species is observed in comparison with aromatic species. These results are in line with the analysis of the use of plants integrated in the Flora Croatica Database, which showed that Croatia's flora contains the most medicinal plants. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20546

Tijekom istraživanja vaskularne flore kamenjarskih pašnjaka otoka Krka, Cresa i Paga zabilježeno je ukupno 59 vrsta samoniklih ljekovitih i aromatičnih biljaka koje pripadaju u 31 porodicu. Vrstama najbrojnije porodice su Lamiaceae (7), Poaceae (6) i Asteraceae (5). Ostale porodice zastupljene su s manjim brojem vrsta (≤ 4). Zanimljivo je da je 17 porodica zastupljeno samo s jednom vrstom, što ukazuje na raznolikost, ne samo ljekovitih i aromatičnih biljnih vrsta, već i na biljnu raznolikost kamenjarskih pašnjaka istraživanog područja.Od ustanovljenih 59 vrsta, prema načinu upotrebe, odnosno korištenju, najviše vrsta − njih 55 − može se koristiti u ljekovite svrhe, dok aromatičnih biljaka ima 16 vrsta. Valja napomenuti da 12 vrsta istovremeno pripada i u ljekovite i u aromatične biljke. Pri tom se uočava relativno visoki udio ljekovitih biljnih vrsta u usporedbi s aromatičnim vrstama. Ovi rezultati u skladu su s analizom načina upotrebe biljaka integriranih u Flora Croatica Database koja je pokazala da flora Hrvatske sadrži najviše ljekovitih biljaka. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20546

The field of application of wild plants is very diverse, and some of the species are applied in several areas. Most of the species mentioned by the respondents were used or used in culinary as a medicine, then for the preparation of soft drinks and beverages, as well as alcoholic beverages. Few types are used for cosmetic preparations, for decoration or decoration, for construction, and in various traditional customs or ceremonies. The medicinal properties of wild plants are most commonly used by preparing hot drinks and syrups, making wraps, then in tinctures and creams. Teas are used in addition to beverages for inhalation. Medicinal properties are also attributed to brandy with the addition of medicinal and aromatic herbs.Contemporary trends in the economy and consumption, globalization that brings competition and enhances environmental awareness are driving economic development towards innovative products and services. The results of ethnobotanical research provide a broad base for the design of new products and services that should derive from the unique tradition of the region and / or its characteristic wild and naturalized flora, and can be divided inot six groups:

(1) products for home decoration and use

(2) products and services related to education and heritage conservation

(3) products containing medicinal and aromatic ingredients

(4) medicinal preparations

(5) alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages

(6) culinary products and services More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20545

Područja primjene samoniklog bilja vrlo su raznolika, a neke od vrsta primjenjuju se u više područja. Najveći broj vrsta koje su ispitanici spomenuli koristi se ili se koristio u kulinarstvu, kao lijek, zatim za pripremu bezalkoholnih pića i napitaka te alkoholnih pića. Manji broj vrsta se koristi za kozmetičke pripravke, za dekoraciju ili za ukras, za gradnju te u različitim tradicijskim običajima ili obredima. Ljekovita svojstva samoniklih biljaka najčešće se iskorištavaju pripremom toplih napitaka i sirupa, izradom obloga, zatim u tinkturama te kremama. Čajevi se osim kao piće koriste i za inhalaciju. Ljekovita svojstva pripisuju se i rakijama s dodatkom ljekovitog i aromatičnog bilja.Suvremeni trendovi u gospodarstvu i potrošnji, globalizacija koja donosi konkurenciju i jačanje ekološke svijesti usmjeravaju gospodarski razvoj ka inovativnim proizvodima i uslugama. Rezultati etnobotaničkog istraživanja daju široku bazu za osmišljavanje novih proizvoda i usluga koji trebaju proizlaziti iz jedinstvene tradicije kraja i/ili za njega karakteristične samonikle i naturalizirane flore. Šest područja razvoja inovativnih proizvoda temeljenih na samoniklom bilju jesu:

proizvodi za ukrašavanje i uporabu u kućanstvu

proizvodi i usluge vezani uz edukaciju i čuvanje baštine

proizvodi koji sadrže ljekovite i aromatične sastojke

ljekoviti pripravci

alkoholna i bezalkoholna pića

proizvodi i usluge u kulinarstvu More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20545

Product Certification Service within Croatian Forest Company d.o.o. was established with the aim of branding non-wood forest products as organic. With the development of environmental and health awareness, the number of certification requirements for other agricultural and food products has increased. For this purpose, all necessary actions and additional training of employees were carried out. In 2017, the re-accreditation of the Product Certification Service according to the standard HRN EN ISO / IEC 17065: 2013 was successfully completed for a period of 5 years.The organic production of medicinal and aromatic plants seeks to maintain biodiversity by preserving wild plant species, beneficial insects, birds and other fauna that maintain the stability of natural habitats. The use of medicinal plants for medicinal purposes requires products that are not contaminated with pesticides and other residues and are not related to genetically modified organisms. It can be certified as an organic product by wild plants or from cultivation. The species most commonly certified as an organic product: chamomile, immortelle, lavender, melissa and lemon balm. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20543

Služba za certifikaciju proizvoda unutar tvrtke Hrvatske šume d.o.o. osnovana je s ciljem brandiranja nedrvnih šumskih proizvoda kao ekoloških. S razvojem svijesti o očuvanju okoliša i zdravlja povećavao se broj zahtjeva za certifikacijom ostalih poljoprivrednih i prehrambenih proizvoda. U tu svrhu obavljene su sve potrebne radnje i dodatna edukacija djelatnika. U 2017. godini uspješno je provedena ponovna akreditacija Službe za certifikaciju proizvoda prema normi HRN EN ISO/IEC 17065:2013 na rok od 5 godina.Ekološkom proizvodnjom ljekovitog i aromatičnoga bilja nastoji se održati biološka raznolikost očuvanjem samoniklih biljnih vrsta, korisnih kukaca, ptica i druge faune koja održava stabilnost prirodnih staništa. Korištenje ljekovitog bilja u medicinske svrhe zahtjeva proizvode koji nisu zagađeni pesticidima i ostalim reziduama i nisu u vezi s genetski modificiranim organizmima. Kao ekološki proizvod certificirati se može samoniklo bilje ili iz uzgoja. Vrste koje se najčešće certificiraju kao ekološki proizvod: kamilica, smilje, lavanda, melisa i matičnjak. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20543

In 2018, 14 owners created the Association Syndicale Libre de Gestion Forestière (ASLGF du massif de Chabre-Cians) on 1,014 ha of forest. They have registered their plots there for joint management, but each owner retains his property rights and his management choices.

They wrote a concerted PSG, approved in January 2020, with a forest diagnosis of the massif and a coordinated program of projects: silvicultural work (depressing - thinning), wood cuts, sanitary cutting, silvopastoral cuts, services ... Wood or non wood products will be valued collectively. Contacts are underway for the distillation of Scots pine.

Other owners have joined them: they are now 20 owners on 1275 ha.A distillation experiment of pine and juniper had been carried out, about thirty years ago by one of the owners. Grouping of plots makes it possible to widen the supply for distillation over more area and obtain a more regular supply. But it is a production still unknown to the majority of the association's members: a market study is to be carried out.

Considerations must be made so that the distillation of Scots pine is organized in conjunction with silvicultural work to improve stands, and obtain better technical and economic optimization of harvesting.

ASLGF facilitates contacts and contracts for wild plant gatherers with forest owners. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20534

14 propriétaires ont créé en 2018 l’Association Syndicale Libre de Gestion Forestière (ASLGF du massif de Chabre-Cians) sur 1014 ha de forêt. Ils y ont inscrit leurs parcelles pour une gestion commune, mais chaque propriétaire garde son droit de propriété et ses choix de gestion.

Ils ont rédigé un PSG concerté, agréé en janvier 2020, avec un diagnostic forestier du massif et un programme coordonné de projets : travaux sylvicoles (dépressage - éclaircie), coupes de bois, coupe sanitaire, coupes sylvopastorales, dessertes … Les produits bois ou non bois seront valorisés collectivement. Des contacts sont en cours pour la distillation de pin sylvestre.

D’autres propriétaires les ont rejoints : ils sont aujourd’hui 20 propriétaires sur 1275 ha.Une expérience de distillation de pin et de genévrier avait été menée, il y a une trentaine d’années par l’un des propriétaires. Le regroupement permet d’élargir l’approvisionnement pour la distillation à plus de parcelles et obtenir un approvisionnement plus régulier. Mais c’est une production encore inconnue de la majorité des adhérents de l’association : une étude de marché est à réaliser.

Des réflexions sont à conduire pour que la distillation du pin sylvestre soit organisée conjointement aux travaux sylvicoles d’amélioration des peuplements, et obtenir une meilleure optimisation technico-économique de la cueillette.

Les ASLGF facilitent les contacts et les contrats des cueilleurs de plantes sauvages avec les propriétaires forestiers. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20534

Apart from the other factors affecting the production process of growing lavender and looking only at yield, the fact is that manual harvesting generate higher yields. But of course, the yield alone is not sufficient, but there are several factors that affect business. In practice, machine-based collection has proven to be financially and economically more cost-effective because of the high labor costs of manual collection. It is also worth noting that manually harvesting lavender is an extremely strenuous and physically demanding job that is done in high heat and you are directly exposed to the sun.The main recommendation of growers with small plantation areas is certainly the machine harvesting of lavender versus manual harvest. Although the acquisition of a harvesting machine is a big investment, in practice and experience, it turns out that the investment in stands is worth it after five years if the area on which you grow is up to 10 hectare in size. Of course, investing in mechanization is a big expense for small producers whom it is extra income and for people who find it more of a hobby. However, there is always the opportunity for more small manufacturers to come together, and to jointly procure equipment and machinery, thereby significantly reducing initial investment. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20479

Ako izuzmemo ostale faktore koji utječu na proizvodni proces uzgoja lavande te se osvrnemo samo na prinos, činjenica je kako ručno sakupljanje daje veće prinose. No naravno da samo prinos nije dostatan, već treba u obzir uzeti nekoliko faktora koji utječu na poslovanje. U praksi se pokazalo kako je strojno sakupljanje svakako financijski i ekonomski više isplatljivo zbog visokih troškova radne snage kada bi se ručno sakupljalo. Također vrijedi napomenuti kako je ručno sakupljanje lavande izuzetno naporan i fizički zahtjevan posao koji se obavlja na velikim vrućinama te ste direktno izloženi suncu.Glavna preporuka uzgajivača koji imaju male površine nasada je svakako strojno sakupljanje lavande naspram ručne žetve. Iako je nabavka stroja za sakupljanje velika investicija, u praksi i iz iskustva ispada kako se investicija u stojeve isplati nakon pet godina ako je površina na kojoj uzgajate veličine do 10 hektara. Naravno da je investiranje u mehanizaciju veliki trošak za male proizvođače kojima je to dodatni prihod i za ljude kojima je to više kao hobi. No uvijek postoji mogućnost da se više malih proizvođača zajedno udruži te da u nabavku opreme i mehanizacije krenu zajednički čime bi si znatno smanjili početnu investiciju. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20479

Mr. Palomo has signed an agreement with his neighboring forest owners to supply 50 ha of eucalyptus coppice.

This agreement allows salaried pickers from the distillery to collect the eucalyptus leaves and branches necessary for the daily supply to be distilled. They intervene for this on the copses aged 1 year: they depress the suckers, leaving 1 to 4 strands per stem, and prune these strands. After their passage, the coppice is improved for its further growth.

This is an economic gain for both parties: the silvicultural intervention is carried out at no financial cost to the forest owners, the resource to be distilled is free for the company.The agreement between the parties specifies the areas concerned by the harvesting authorization, the intervention periods and the harvesting techniques. It must allow continuity of supply for the distillery during its operating season, and ensure silvicultural interventions at the right stages of stand growth.

Appropriate training for harvesters in silvicultural procedures is essential to obtain quality results from these interventions. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20472

Mr Palomo a signé une convention avec ses propriétaires forestiers voisins pour assurer son approvisionnement sur 50 ha de taillis d’eucalyptus.

Cette convention permet aux cueilleurs salariés de la distillerie de prélever les feuilles et branches d’eucalyptus nécessaires à l’approvisionnement journalier à distiller. Ils interviennent pour cela sur les taillis âgés de de 1 an : ils effectuent un dépressage des rejets, en laissant 1 à 4 brins par cépée, et élaguent ces brins. Après leur passage, le taillis est amélioré pour sa croissance ultérieure.

C’est un gain économique pour les 2 parties : l’intervention sylvicole est réalisée sans coût financier pour les propriétaires forestiers, la ressource à distiller est gratuite pour l’entreprise.La convention établie entre les parties précise les surfaces concernées par l’autorisation de cueillette, les périodes d’intervention et les modalités de cueillette. Elle doit permettre la continuité de l’approvisionnement de la distillerie sur sa saison d’activité, et assurer les interventions sylvicoles aux bons stades de croissance des peuplements.

Une formation adaptée des cueilleurs aux actes sylvicoles est indispensable pour obtenir des résultats de qualité de ces interventions. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20472

The ecologist, ethnologist and gatherers, authors of this work have established an almost exhaustive list of plants subject to commercial pickings in mainland France. 728 species or subspecies are thus listed, and forest species or those frequently associated with forest processions represent a quarter of them.

Among the 74 species cited by more than half of the collectors surveyed, more than half can be found in the forest.

For all species, the status "wild" and / or "cultivated" is specified. The authors also informed for all species whether they benefited from protection measures and the number of departments concerned.The base produced indicates the collectors perceptions of the availability of these species, their abundance or their vulnerability, including when these opinions differ. These data are used to warn of the risks that may weigh locally or due to lack of knowledge.

A picking frequency indicator is also provided by the number of citations of each of the taxa in the picking lists.

The importance of this base shows the knowledge of the professionals involved and their potential alert force in view of these resources. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20464

Les écolologue, ethnologue et cueilleurs, auteurs de ce travail ont établi une liste quasi exhaustive des plantes faisant l’objet de cueillettes commerciales en métropole. 728 espèces ou sous-espèces sont ainsi répertoriées, et les espèces forestières ou fréquemment associées aux cortèges forestiers en représentent le quart.

Parmi les 74 espèces citées par plus de la moitié des cueilleurs enquêtés, plus de la moitié peuvent se retrouver en forêt.

Pour toutes les espèces, le statut « sauvage » et/ou « cultivé » est précisé. Les auteurs ont également renseigné pour toutes les espèces si elles bénéficiaient de mesures de protection et le nombre de départements concernés.La base réalisée indique les perceptions des cueilleurs sur la disponibilité de ces espèces, leur abondance ou leur vulnérabilité, y compris lorsque ces avis sont divergents. Ces données permettent d’alerter sur les risques pouvant peser localement ou par manque de connaissance.

Un indicateur de fréquence de cueillette est également fourni par le nombre de citations de chacun des taxons dans les listes de cueillette.

L’importance de cette base montre la connaissance des professionnels impliqués et leur force potentielle d’alerte vis-à-vis de ces ressources. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20464

The French Association of Professional Wild Plants Pickers (AFC) is therefore engaged in the drafting of a guide, structured in several documents:

- a general presentation of the characteristics and good practices of wild plant picking, methods and resources; its drafting is in progress, it is the subject of enriching reflections between gatherers and specialists around the trade and plants. The release of this document is scheduled for the end of 2021.

- a collection of booklets by species, chosen according to importance and / or vulnerability: 5 booklets are being finalized (Hawthorn, Gentian, Lavander, Hypericum, Arnica). At the end, 8 new booklets are planned for the end of 2020.These booklets emphasize the elements of recognition of the species presented, based on its biology, its ecology and the conditions of its reproduction.

Knowing how to pick the right plant must begin by knowing how to identify the appropriate station: being informed of the regulations relating to the species and the place, relationship with the owner, analyzing the sanitary state of the site and the plants, the right stage of maturity appropriate to the quality of the products sought.

The documents also detail the harvesting practices, the tools and their uses for each part of the recoverable plant. The precautions to be taken and the impacts of practices on the resource are provided for better management and sustainability of the resource. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20463

L'Association Française des professionnels de la Cueillette des plantes sauvages (AFC) s’est donc engagée dans la rédaction d’un guide, structuré en plusieurs documents :

- une présentation générale des caractéristiques et bonnes pratiques de la cueillette des plantes sauvages, des méthodes et des ressources ; sa rédaction est en cours, elle fait l’objet de réflexions enrichissantes entre cueilleurs et spécialistes autour du métier et des plantes. La sortie de ce document est prévue fin 2021.

- une collection de livrets par espèces, choisies selon importance et/ou vulnérabilité : 5 livrets sont en cours de finalisation (Aubépine, Gentiane, Lavandes, Millepertuis, Arnica). Ce sont 8 nouveaux livrets qui sont prévus pour fin 2020.Ces livrets insistent sur les éléments de reconnaissance des espèces, sur sa biologie, son écologie et les conditions de sa reproduction.

Savoir cueillir la bonne plante doit commencer par savoir identifier la station adéquate : s’informer de la réglementation relative à l’espèce et au lieu, relation avec le propriétaire du terrain, analyser l’état sanitaire du site et des plantes, du bon stade de maturité appropriée à la qualité des produits recherchés.

Les documents détaillent aussi les gestes de cueillette, les outils et leurs utilisations pour chacune des parties de la plante valorisable. Les précautions à prendre et les impacts des pratiques sur la ressource sont fournis pour une meilleure gestion et la pérennisation de la ressource. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20463

Greece is highly diverse in orchids, with Epirus (northwest Greece) being among the most species-rich areas, hosting ca. 70 taxa. The most commonly harvested species for salep in Greece are Anacamptis morio, Dactylorhiza sambucina, D. saccifera and Orchis mascula. As well as home uses, there has been recently a revived demand for salep to satisfy the national and European market. In this research, we focus on the Elder-flowered orchid, Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó. The species is considered to be in decline based on various threats, mostly linked with habitat change and human disturbances. Despite the protection of all Orchidaceae under European and Greek law, our study shows that wild orchids continue to be harvested (especially D. sambucina) for salep in Epirus, although in interviews, most respondents declared themselves unaware of the protection status of orchids.The growing popularity of salep is expected to increase pressure on populations in Epirus in the near future. The collectors in our study report a collection of 10-100 kg per season. Although the observed harvesting does not resemble the pressures found elsewhere, our informants state that people outside the local community have been intensively harvesting orchids for salep. The most important question is to what extent traditional and modern harvesting pressures affect population sizes and their distribution. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20416

Στην Ελλάδα απαντά μια πολύ μεγάλη ποικιλία ειδών ορχιδεών, με την Ήπειρο (Βορειοδυτική Ελλάδα) να συγκαταλέγεται στις πιο πλούσιες σε είδη περιοχές της χώρας φιλοξενώντας περίπου 70 οικογένειες (taxa). Τα συνηθέστερα είδη που συλλέγονται για σαλέπι στην Ελλάδα είναι τα: Anacamptis morio, Dactylorhiza sambucina, D. saccifera και Orchis mascula. Εκτός από την οικογενειακή χρήση, έχει σημειωθεί πρόσφατα μια αναβίωση της ζήτησης για να ικανοποιήσει την εθνική και ευρωπαϊκή αγορά. Στην έρευνά μας επικεντρωνόμαστε στο είδος Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó, το οποίο εκτιμάται ως μειούμενο με βάση διάφορες απειλές, οι οποίες συνδέονται κυρίως με αλλαγές στον βιότοπό του και άλλες ανθρωπογενείς αιτίες. Παρά την προστασία όλων των ορχιδεών σύμφωνα με το ευρωπαϊκό και ελληνικό δίκαιο, η μελέτη μας δείχνει μια συνεχή συλλογή άγριων ορχιδέων (ειδικά του είδους D. sambucina) για σαλέπι στην Ήπειρο, ενώ οι περισσότεροι συμμετέχοντες στην έρευνά μας δήλωσαν ότι αγνοούν το καθεστώς προστασίας του είδους.Η αυξανόμενη δημοτικότητα του σαλεπιού αναμένεται να αυξήσει την πίεση λόγω συλλογής στους πληθυσμούς της Ηπείρου στο εγγύς μέλλον. Οι συλλέκτες που συμμετείχαν στην έρευνά μας αναφέρουν ότι συλλέγουν 10-100 κιλά το χρόνο. Αν και οι ποσότητες αυτές, που επαληθεύονται και από τις παρατηρήσεις μας στο πεδίο δεν αγγίζουν πιέσεις που αναφέρονται σε άλλες χώρες και περιοχές, οι πληροφορητές μας ισχυρίζονται ότι οι άνθρωποι έξω από την τοπική κοινότητα συλλέγουν εντατικά ορχιδέες για σαλέπι για εμπορικούς σκοπούς. Η σημαντικότερη ερώτηση εδώ είναι κατά πόσο παραδοσιακές και σύγχρονες πιέσεις συλλογής έχουν επιπτώσεις στα μεγέθη των πληθυσμών και την κατανομή τους. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20416

The healing properties of sage were recognized by the ancient Greeks, who probably brought it into cultivation, and were especially appreciated by the ancient Romans. Even before them, in the Pharaoh's tombs in Egypt, one of the main ingredients of the embalming mixture was precisely sage oil. In the Middle Ages, a love potion was made of sage leaves and scarves and rose petals. Not so long ago in the past, there were well-known collecting and buying centers in Dalmatia, such as Trogir, Ston, Slano, Malinska on Krk and Boka Kotorska. As the sage is very widespread in the area of Dalmatia, wild sage populations have been used, where the distillation of leaves and flowers yields sage oil (Oleum salviae).The management plan should be based on the research and selection of the best indigenous sage populations, their multiplication and the establishment of sage nurseries. Most of the seedlings would be used for raising ecological plantings, part for sale as fresh seasoning and part for planting in the gardens of Dalmatia and beyond. It is necessary to integrate beekeeping, foliage processing and tourism into production, thus achieving additional economic value. The primary products are dried leaves and distilled sage oil, and secondary sage honey and various pharmaceutical preparations (creams, fragrant water, soaps) based on sage. Tertiary products are tours of the sage plantations in bloom, distilleries, dryers and production line of pharmaceutical preparations, which also include the sale of in situ domestic sage-based products. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20397

Ljekovitost kadulje spoznali su još antički Grci, koji su je vjerojatno uveli u uzgoj, a posebno su je cijenili stari Rimljani. Još prije njih, u faraonskim grobnicama u Egiptu, jedan od glavnih sastojaka smjese za balzamiranje bilo je upravo kaduljino ulje. U srednjem se vijeku spravljao ljubavni napitak od listova kadulje i rute te latica ruže. U ne tako davnoj prošlosti u Dalmaciji su postojali poznati centri sabiranja i otkupa, a to su bili Trogir, Ston, Slano, Malinska na Krku te Boka kotorska. Kako je kadulja na području Dalmacije jako proširena uglavnom su koristili divlje populacije kadulje, gdje se destilacijom listova i cvjetova dobiva se eterično kaduljino ulje (Oleum Salviae).Plan upravljanja treba temeljiti na istraživanju i odabiru najboljih autohtonih populacija kadulje, njihovom umnažanju te zasnivanju rasadnika primorske kadulje. Veći dio rasada koristio bi se za podizanje ekoloških nasada, dio za prodaju kao začin u svježem stanju, a dio za sadnju u vrtovima Dalmacije pa i šire. U proizvodnju je potrebno integrirati pčelarstvo, preradu lišća i turizam te tako ostvariti dodatnu gospodarsku vrijednost. Primarni proizvodi su suho lišće i destilirano kaduljino ulje, a sekundarni kaduljin med i razni farmaceutski pripravci (kreme, vodice, sapuni) na bazi kadulje. Tercijarni proizvodi su turistički obilasci nasada primorske kadulje u cvatu, destilerija, sušara i pogona za proizvodnju farmaceutskih pripravaka, a koji uključuju i prodaju in situ domaćih proizvoda na bazi kadulje. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20397

1/ Structuring of the sector: creation of the interprofessional association of yellow gentian which brings together all the stakeholders in the sector and allows the implementation of project groups and working together on sustainable management issues.

2/ Work on good production practices: scientific observations, cultivation trials and sharing of field experiences for a better knowledge of the plant. Creation of a good practice guide.

3/ Creation of new tools to improve production conditions: model contract (landowner/harvesters), regulatory annex (status of regulations and protected areas), dossier on the statutes of harvesters.Good Production Practices:

- Choice the harvesting area: search for the owner of the land and check the regulations in application; estimate the ideal population (density and size of roots); respect a 20-year rotation between two uprooting operations.

- Purchase the gentian to the owner per kilo; keeping a record of the weights.

- Harvesting practices: between May and October; soil is dry but not desiccated; respect the livestock areas; between 60 and 80 % of mature plants could be harvested depending on the presence of young plants; preferably harvesting by fork; put the clods back in place and plug the holes. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20354

1/ Travail de structuration de la filière : création de l’association interprofessionnelle de la gentiane jaune qui rassemble tous les maillons de la filière et permet la mise en place de groupes projets et un travail concerté autour des problématiques de gestion durable.

2/ Travail sur les bonnes pratiques de production : observations scientifiques, essais de culture et partage d’expériences de terrain pour une meilleure connaissance de la plante. Réalisation d’un guide de bonnes pratiques.

3/ Réalisation d’autres outils visant à améliorer les conditions de production : modèle de contrat (propriétaire foncier/arracheur), annexe réglementaire (état des réglementations et des espaces protégés), dossier sur les statuts des arracheurs.Bonnes pratiques de production :

- choix du terrain : recherche du propriétaire du terrain et vérification des réglementations en vigueur ; estimation du peuplement idéal (densité et taille des racines) ; respecter une rotation de 20 ans entre deux arrachages

- Achat de la gentiane au propriétaire au kilo ; tenue d’un registre des pesées

- Pratiques d’arrachage : entre mai et octobre ; sol ressuyé mais pas desséché ; respecter les zones d’élevage ; entre 60 et 80 % de prélèvement des pieds matures en fonction de la présence de jeunes plants ; préférer un arrachage à la fourche ; remettre les mottes en place et boucher les trous. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20354

In the area of Knin, medicinal plants for the needs of humans and animals have traditionally been collected, produced and used. Various medicinal herbs are still an integral part of many home pharmacies and are used in the treatment of various ailments, in the form of various preparations prepared according to traditional recipes. In this study, 20 subjects were examined and a total of 143 aromatic and medicinal plant species were recorded, which parts are used in recipes for the preparation of teas, tinctures, ointments, spirits and juices. Such a large number of plant species actually reveals to us that in addition to the common species most commonly used and planted, there are many aromatic and medicinal plants whose use has been almost neglected.The results of the research indicate the great biodiversity of aromatic and medicinal plants in the study area as well as the broad traditional knowledge that must be preserved for future generations. After collecting the data, it is important to consolidate the acquired knowledge in one place and allow the local population easy access to the data. As such, individual plant species would gain in importance in both harvesting and cultivation, and would be considered as a new non-wood forest product (NWFP), since they have not been used so far. Expanding the range of small producers' products and motivating the local population to collect and grow them would also encourage rural development in the area. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20315

Na području grada Knina, tradicionalno se sakupljalo, proizvodilo i koristilo ljekovito bilje za potrebe čovjeka i životinja. Razno ljekovito bilje još uvijek je sastavni dio mnogih kućnih ljekarni i koristi se u liječenju različitih tegoba, u obliku različitih pripravaka koji su pripremani po tradicionalnim recepturama. U ovom istraživanju ispitano je 20 ispitanika te su evidentirane ukupno 143 aromatične i medicinske biljne vrste čiji se dijelovi koriste u receptima za pripremu čajeva, tinktura, masti, rakija i sokova. Ovako veliki broj biljnih vrsta nam zapravo otkiva kako uz uobičajene vrste koje se najčešće koriste i plantažno uzgajaju, postoji još veliki broj aromatičnog i medicinskog bilja čija je uporaba skoro pa i zanemarena.Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na veliku bioraznolikosti aromatičnog i medicinskog bilja na istraživanom području kao i široko tradicijsko znanje koje je potrebno sačuvati za buduće generacije. Nakon prikupljanja podataka važno je stečena znanja objediniti na jednom mjestu te omogućiti lokalnom stanovništu jednostavan pristup podatcima. Samim time bi pojedine biljne vrste dobile na važnosti kako sakupljam tako i uzgojem te bi ih se smatralo novim nedrvnim šumskim proizvodom (NDŠP) s obzirom na to kako do sad nisu imale neku primjenu. Proširivanjem ponude proizvoda malih proizvođača te motiviranjem lokanog stanovništva na sakupljanje i uzgoj istih potaknuo bi se i ruralni razvoj područja. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20315

Over exploitation of wild MAPs forces the cultivation of rosemary and thyme in Cevennes (France). Poor meadows management due to excecive fertilisation reduce the arnica resource and leads to the establishment of crops in Scotland, Poland, France or Spain.

Producers seek to diversify and preserve. "Syndicat des Simples" (France), a group of small producers, combines wild harvest with cultivation. In the Spanish Pyrennes, "Herbes de l'Alt Pirineu" conserves local species through regenerative agriculture and "Taüllorgànics" cultivates them for its cosmetic interest.

Lavandula angustifolia or Allium roseum are native species with cultivation potential (INTERREG SUDOE ValuePAM). In Switzerland, "Mediplant" already obtains Alpine MAPs varieties (edelweiss, rhodiola, genepi).Cultivation is a feasible conservation option for threatened wild MAP's species, with high market demand. For the other species collected, the priority conservation option is a sustainable wild collection. There are also species that are not necessary to grow, because they are abundant, or of which small quantities are needed, or shrubs or trees that are not profitable to grow.

Small-scale cultivation can alleviate the decline in wild resources, be a diversified source of income and safer than the collection and, supply regional markets. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20283

La sobreexplotación de PAM silvestres obliga a cultivar romero y tomillo en Cevennes (Francia). La mala gestión de los prados naturales abonados en exceso reduce el recurso árnica y obliga a su cultivo en Escocia, Polonia, Francia o España.

Los productores buscan diversificar y preservar. "Syndicat des Simples" (Francia), agrupación de pequeños productores, combina recolección silvestre con cultivo. En el Pirineo español, "Herbes de l'Alt Pirineu" conserva especies locales mediante agricultura regenerativa y "Taüllorgànics" las cultiva por su interés cosmético.

Lavandula angustifolia o Allium roseum son autóctonas con potencial de cultivo (INTERREG SUDOE ValuePAM). En Suiza, "Mediplant" ya obtiene variedades alpinas (edelweiss, rhodiola, genepi).El cultivo es una opción factible de conservación para especies de PAM silvestres amenazadas, con una alta demanda en el mercado. Para las otras especies recolectadas, la opción de conservación prioritaria es la recolección silvestre sostenible. También existen especies que no son necesarias cultivar, porque son abundantes, o bien de las que se necesitan pequeñas cantidades, o bien arbustos o árboles que su cultivo no es rentable.

El cultivo a pequeña escala puede paliar la disminución de los recursos silvestres, ser una fuente de ingresos diversificado y más seguro que la recolección, y abastecer mercados regionales. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20283

In Catalonia, the "Eixarcolant" collective recovers the traditional uses of vegetation, through research, product development and dissemination, organizing the "Gastronomic Day of Forgotten Plants". There are other fairs dedicated to herbs with a relevant role of culinary uses: "Forgotten Fruits and Herbs of Catalonia" (ARÇ day), the "Spice Market", "Remeiart", or the "Ratafia Herbs Market". And private initiatives: "Els Corremarges" promote wild foods, "Espècies a mà" produces wild salt, "La Calendula" restaurant offers a kitchen inspired by herbs and fruits collected daily, and "Naturalwalks" develops ecotourism and consulting activities to restaurants and catering schools.We must make known the food uses of wild plants in the most experiential way possible, through tastings and workshops aimed at citizens, and exchanges between professionals, producers and technicians to create synergies that guarantee the knowledge, recovery and application of herbs and wild fruits in different fields and sectors. Apart from valuing the rich gastronomic tradition, it is necessary to promote healthy eating and new culinary uses. Thus, the recovery of ethnobotanical knowledge can serve as inspiration for the development of innovative products. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20280

En Cataluña, el colectivo "Eixarcolant" recupera usos tradicionales de la vegetación, mediante investigación, desarrollo de productos y divulgación, organizando la "Jornada gastronómica de las Plantas Olvidadas". Hay otras ferias dedicadas a las hierbas con un papel relevante de los usos culinarios: "Diada de Frutos y Hierbas olvidadas de Cataluña (ARÇ)", el "Mercado de las Especias", "Remeiart", o el "Mercado de las Hierbas de la Ratafía". E iniciativas privadas: "Els Corremarges" promocionan alimentos silvestres, "Espècies a mà" elabora sal salvaje, el restaurante "La Caléndula" ofrece una cocina inspirada en hierbas y frutos recolectados diariamente, y "Naturalwalks" desarrolla actividades de ecoturismo y consultoría a restaurantes y escuelas de hostelería.Hay que dar a conocer los usos alimentarios de las plantas silvestres de la forma más vivencial posible, mediante degustaciones y talleres dirigidos a los ciudadanos, e intercambios entre profesionales, productores y técnicos para crear sinergias que garanticen el conocimiento, la recuperación y la aplicación de las hierbas y frutos silvestres en los diferentes campos y sectores. A parte de valorizar la rica tradición gastronómica, hay que promocionar la alimentación saludable y los nuevos usos culinarios. Así pues, la recuperación del conocimiento etnobotánico puede servir de inspiración para el desarrollo de productos innovadores. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20280

There is an important variability among different woods from an energy point of view. The values of the quantitative and qualitative parameters studied have shown that the higher caloriﬁc value (HCV) varies from 15299 to 17564 kJ / kg for sapwood and from 16118 to 1883 kJ / kg for heartwood (Table). As for the ignition temperature, it ranges from 256 to 296 °C for sapwood and from 268 to 308 °C for heartwood. Then regarding the temperature of the hearth in combustion, it goes from 446 to 528 ° C depending on the type of wood and the percentage of ash is between 2.6 and 20%. And apropos of the gases released from the combustion of wood (CO2 and CO), the rates range from 4 to 7.5% for CO2 and from 0.5 to 2% for CO.A notable difference of the energetic yield was perceived between the species of Eucalyptus tested. In practice, it leads to the possibility of making a selection for the beneﬁt of the best performing species. Therefore Eucalyptus astringens, Eucalyptus maculata et Eucalyptus robusta, which not only offer a good biomass production, but also a good quality of combustible products (fuelwood and charcoal). Consequently, such species can be selected for intensive reforestation purpose especially oriented towards an energy objective, preferably conducted in short rotation (6-7 years in good edapho-climatic conditions). More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20229

Les résultats des essais de combustion du bois prélevé sur les 11 espèces d’Eucalyptus retenues dans la présente étude ont mis en évidence l’existence d’une variabilité marquée entre les bois testés de point de vue valeur énergétique. Les valeurs des paramètres quantitatifs et qualitatifs étudiés ont montré que le pouvoir calorifique supérieur (PCS) varie de 15299 à 17564 kJ/kg pour le bois de sève et de 16118 à 1883 kJ/kg pour le bois de cœur (Tableau). La température d’inflammation varie de 256 à 296°C et de 268 à 308°C respectivement pour le bois de sève et le bois de cœur. La température du foyer en combustion passe de 446 à 528°C selon le type de bois et le pourcentage des cendres est compris entre 2,6 et 20%. Quant aux gaz qui se sont dégagés de la combustion du bois (CO2 et CO), les taux enregistrés s’échelonnent de 4 à 7,5%, pour le CO2 et de 0,5 à 2% pour le CO.L’existence de différences notables entre les espèces d’Eucalyptus testées du point de vue rendement énergétique se traduit dans la pratique par la possibilité d’opérer une sélection au profit des espèces les plus performantes. A cet égard, Eucalyptus astringens, Eucalyptus maculata et Eucalyptus robusta, en plus d’une bonne production en biomasse, offrent un combustible de bonne qualité. Par conséquent, de telles espèces peuvent être retenues comme espèces de reboisement intensif orienté vers un objectif énergétique conduit en courte rotation (6-7 ans dans de bonnes conditions édapho-climatiques). More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20229

Given together, our results indicate that under seasonal variation condition, the mount of Zaghouan represents the favourite site of production of phenolic compounds than the The mount of Mansour and Sarej. Specifically, in the spring season, Rosmarinus officinalis, Erica Multiflora and Cistus monspeliensis are able to produce the highest averages of antioxidative molecule as polyphenol, tannin and flavonoids. Indeed, these species present interesting antioxidant activities in DS site in the autumn season.These results showed that the measured biochemical parameters can be adopted as an indicator of the best productive site in northeastern of Tunisia for secondary metabolites under seasonal climatic conditions.

In addition, the harvesting period of wild plants can be specified. In this study, it is possible to harvest in spring in order to have more antioxidative molecule.

Aromatic and medicinal plants can be grown under well-controlled conditions (in vitro or in greenhouses) for increased production and yield. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20218

Nos résultats indiquent qu’au cours des variations saisonnières, le site DZ représente est le site préféré au point de vue production de composés phénoliques et d'activités antioxydantes par rapport aux sites DM et DS. Et pus précisément, au printemps, Rosmarinus officinalis, Erica Multiflora et Cistus monspeliensis sont capables de produire les teneurs les plus élevées de molécules antioxydantes comme le polyphénol, le tanin et les flavonoïdes. En effet, ces espèces présentent des activités antioxydantes plus élevées.Ces résultats ont montré que les paramètres biochimiques mesurés peuvent être adoptés comme un indicateur du meilleur site productif dans le nord-est de la Tunisie pour les métabolites secondaires.

En outre, la période de récolte des plantes sauvages peut être spécifiée. Dans cette étude, il est possible de récolter au printemps afin d'avoir plus de molécule antioxydante.

On peut cultiver les plantes aromatiques et médicinales dans des conditions bien contrôles (in vitro ou dans des serres) pour avoir plus de production et du rendement. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20218

The results showed physiological responses of Erica Multiflora and Cistus monspeliensis to seasonal variation. In spring season, photosynthetic performance was highest in the DS site compared to DM and DZ. In fact, net photosynthetic rached 2.10 μmol m-2 s-1 for Erica Multiflora and 2.41 μmol m-2 s-1 for Cistus monspeliensis. Similarly, the average of transpiration presented 0.049 and 0.1 mol m-2 s-1 for Erica Multiflora and Cistus monspeliensis, respectively. However in summer season, photosynthetic parameters were decreased in the three sites studied (DZ, DM and DS) compared to spring.Forests are inevitably involved in the hydrological cycle, playing a key role in preserving the social and ecological balances related to biodiversity’s preservation, protecting against erosion and desertification, and conserving water and soil. They also have economic importance related to the valuation of different products such as wood, cork and vegetable oils.

Aromatic and medicinal plants must be protected from massive and unregulated harvesting. In addition, useful species can be cultivated. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20217

Les résultats ont montré les réponses physiologiques d'Erica Multiflora et de Cistus monspeliensis face aux variations saisonnières. Au printemps, la performance photosynthétique était la plus élevée dans le site DS par rapport aux sites DM et DZ. En fait, le taux net de photosynthèse était de 2,10 μmol m-2 s-1 pour Erica Multiflora et de 2,41 μmol m-2 s-1 pour Cistus monspeliensis. De même, la moyenne de la transpiration présentait 0,049 et 0,1 mol m-2 s-1 pour Erica Multiflora et Cistus monspeliensis, respectivement. Cependant, en été, les paramètres photosynthétiques étaient plus faibles dans les trois sites étudiés (DZ, DM et DS) qu'au printemps.Les forêts sont forcément impliquées dans le cycle hydrologique en jouant un rôle primordial dans la préservation des équilibres sociaux et écologique de la préservation de la biodiversité, de la protection contre l'érosion et de la désertification et de la conservation des eaux et du sol. Ils ont également une importance économique liée à la valorisation de différents produits tels que le bois, le liège et les huiles végétales.

Il faut protéger les plantes aromatiques et médicinales contre la récolte massive et non réglementée. En plus, on peut faire la culture des espèces utiles. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20217

The hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus and a Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) were the methods applied to respectively extract and analyze the chemical composition of essential oils. The results showed that Salvia Officinalis leaves contained six times more essential oils than the stems. Summer harvesting period was more advantageous than winter and hot air convective drying at temperatures ranging between 40 and 60°C did not affect the essential oils yields compared to microwave drying which leads to important losses of essential oils. The main components found in Tunisian Salvia Officinalis essential oils were (alpha) and (Beta) -Thujone, 1,8-Cineole and Camphor.Getting more information on the effect of the intrinsic properties of the plant, the climatic changes and the post-harvest treatments on the amounts and quality of essential oils is interesting to industrials as well as pharmacists to get the best quality and the largest amounts of essential oils from plants at the lowest possible cost. Thus it is important to conduct experiments to optimize the extraction of essential oils from aromatic and medicinal plants. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20197

L'hydrodistillation utilisant un appareil Clevenger et la chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectroscopie de masse (GC-MS) étaient les méthodes appliquées pour respectivement extraire et analyser la composition chimique des huiles essentielles. Les résultats ont montré que les feuilles de Salvia Officinalis contenaient six fois plus d'huiles essentielles que les tiges. La période de récolte estivale était plus avantageuse que l'hiver et le séchage par air chaud à des températures comprises entre 40 et 60 ° C n'a pas d'incidence sur les rendements en huiles essentielles par rapport au séchage par micro-ondes, qui entraîne des pertes importantes d'huiles essentielles. Les principaux composants présents dans les huiles essentielles de Salvia Officinalis sont le  (alpha) et le  (Beta) -Thujone, le 1,8-cinéole et le camphre.Avoir des données sur l'effet des propriétés intrinsèques de la plante, des changements climatiques et des traitements post-récolte sur les rendements et la qualité des huiles essentielles est intéressant pour les industriels ainsi que les pharmaciens pour obtenir la meilleure qualité et les meilleurs rendements d'huiles essentielles à partir de plantes au coût le plus bas possible. Il est donc important de mener des expériences pour optimiser l'extraction des huiles essentielles à partir des plantes aromatiques et médicinales. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20197

Among 120 Eucalyptus species tested in the arboretums and experimental plots, many can be employed to promote beekeeping activities. The results show that flowering extends over several months of the year and varies according to species from 3 to 12 months. In humid bioclimate, 6 out of 20 are distinguished by the duration of their flowering months. In semi-arid bioclimate: 11 of the 16 species tested, have 6 months or more of flowering during the same year. However, the intensity of flowering is not identical for all flower species. Species such as Eu bicolor, Eu gillii, Eu clodacalyx, Eu. Incressata, Eu salubris, Eu leucoxylon, Eu loxophleba, combining well survival, good growth, and abundant flowering.On the basis of the results obtained, it is recommended to create the greatest possible number of Eucalyptus plantations mixed and varied species either in the form of forest plantations on relatively large areas (10ha and more) in the forest domain either in the form of bouquets of trees or in alignment with agricultural land in order to ensure sufficient food and the most spread over the year. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20195

Sur les 120 espèces d’Eucalyptus expérimentées dans les arboretums et les parcelles expérimentales, un bon nombre d’entre elles peut être promu dans un objectif mellifère.

Les résultats concernant les espèces testées dans les bioclimats humides et semi aride montrent que la floraison s’étend sur plusieurs mois de l’année et varie en fonction des espèces de 3 à 12 mois (Tableau).

En bioclimat humide, sur se distinguent par la longueur de la durée de leur floraison mois au cours de l’année 2002.

En bioclimat semi aride : onze, sur les seize espèces testées, ont 6 mois et plus de floraison au cours de la même année. Cependant, l’intensité de floraison n’est pas identique pour toutes les espèces fleuries. Des espèces comme :Eu. bicolor, Eu. gillii, Eu. clodacalyx, Eu. incressata, Eu. salubris, Eu. leucoxylon, Eu. loxophleba, combinant à la fois une survie acceptable, une bonne croissance et une floraison abondante, s’étendant sur une longue durée notamment en période automnale et hivernale constituent des plantes potentielles pour des plantations mellifères en zones arides et semi arides.Sur la base des résultats obtenus, il est recommandé de créer le plus grand nombre possible de plantations à base d’Eucalyptus mélangées et variées d’espèces soit sous forme de plantations forestières sur des superficies relativement importantes (10ha et plus) dans le domaine forestier soit sous forme de bouquets d’arbres ou en alignement dans les terrains agricoles afin d’assurer une nourriture en quantité suffisante et la plus étalée possible sur l’année. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20195

Participating countries (Lithania, Portugal, Spain and Turkey) discussed different topics for sharing the state of art and the challenges for implementing training of MAPs:

a. Research, technology transfer and training for adults in NWFP;

b. Sustainable WC;

c. Businesses of WC;

d. Good practices for training WC.

Partners wrote several reports with conclusions of the subjects discussed and proposed six training modules for MAPs collectors:

1. Basics of plant science with emphasis on MAPs.

2. Knowledge of MAPs species.

3. Harvesting of raw materials and use.

4. Sustainable WC: methodology, legislation and control.

5. Post-harvest processing of MAPs.

6. Marketing and business.New collectors doing WC of MAPs have low information in botanical identification and habitats knowledge, so to avoid risks of mistakes they need training. In addition, using good practices, supported by laws, ensures the long-term survival of natural resources. Hence, professional collectors should receive regular training for assuring their sustainability, as well as forest technicians to implement the control of the activity.

WC entrepreneurs need updated market information for required products. Moreover, industries should know which varieties have the major active compounds' content. Then, collectors should know the best time to harvest and good harvesting and processing practices focusing the procurement of high quality raw material. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20193

Los países participantes (Lituania, Portugal, España y Turquía) trataron diferentes temas para conocer la situación actual y los desafíos para implementar la capacitación en PAM:

a. Investigación, transferencia de tecnología y formación de adultos;

b. RS sostenible

c. Empresas de RS;

d. Buenas prácticas para la capacitación de RS.

Se redactaron varios informes con conclusiones de los temas tratados y se propusieron seis módulos formativos para recolectores de PAM:

1. Conceptos básicos de ciencia vegetal con énfasis en PAM.

2. Conocimiento de las especies aromático-medicinales.

3. Recolección de materias primas y uso.

4. RS sostenible: metodología, legislación y control.

5. Procesamiento post-cosecha de PAM.

6. Marketing y negocios.Los nuevos recolectores de PAM tienen poca información sobre identificación botánica y hábitats, requiriendo formación para evitar errores. Las buenas prácticas, respaldadas por leyes, aseguran la supervivencia a largo plazo de los recursos naturales. Así, los recolectores profesionales deben recibir capacitación regular para asegurar la sostenibilidad, así como los técnicos forestales para controlar la actividad.

Los emprendedores necesitan datos actuales del mercado sobre los productos requeridos y las industrias sobre qué variedades tienen mayor contenido en principios activos. Luego, los recolectores deben conocer la mejor época de cosecha y las buenas prácticas de recolección y procesamiento, para obtener materia prima de alta calidad. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20193

For all species, although with particularities, the results showed: 1.- a great variability among wild populations, grouping them by clusters according to their chemical profiles and their main components, 2.- correlation between some aspects of yield and quality with edafoclimatic, geographic, phenological and age factors of the plant, and 3.- chemical profiles of some populations that did not fit with the standards established by the international quality standards for essential oils (Standards by ISO/TC 54).

For all these reasons and as a conclusion, it is necessary to have this knowledge in order to discriminate between populations, initiate breeding work and establish the best agronomic conditions to obtain quality productions with good yields.Currently, the majority supply of MAP plant material found by farmers are ornamental varieties and only for a few species are commercial varieties of MAP available oriented to the industrial production of active ingredients. Producers who want to grow MAP for industrial purposes have to overcome this obstacle and ensure that the chosen variety has a commercial outflow. In addition, they must also validate the response of those commercial varieties subject to specific soil, climatic and cultural conditions before starting large areas of cultivation.

The local ecotypes can be cultivated in those models of production of artisan MAP oriented to the elaboration of final products either for food, cosmetics or hygiene. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20190

Para todas las especies aunque con particularidades, los resultados mostraron: 1.- una gran variabilidad entre poblaciones silvestres llegando a agruparse por clusters en función de sus perfiles químicos y sus principales componentes, 2.- correlación entre algunos aspectos de rendimiento y calidad con factores edafoclimáticos, geográficos, fenológicos y de edad de la planta y, 3.- perfiles químicos de algunas poblaciones que no encajaban con los estándares fijados por las normas internacionales de calidad de los aceites esenciales (Standards by ISO/TC 54).

Por todo ello y como conclusión, es necesario disponer de estos conocimientos para discriminar entre poblaciones, iniciar trabajos de mejora y fijar las mejores condiciones agronómicas para obtener producciones de calidad y con buenos rendimientos.Actualmente la oferta mayoritaria de material vegetal de PAM que encuentran los agricultores son variedades ornamentales y solo para pocas especies hay disponibles variedades comerciales de PAM orientadas a la producción industrial de principios activos. Los productores que quieren cultivar PAM con finalidad industrial, tienen que superar este obstáculo y asegurarse de que la variedad escogida tiene salida comercial. Además, también deberán validar la respuesta de esas variedades comerciales sometidas a unas condiciones edafoclimáticas y culturales determinadas antes de iniciar superficies importantes de cultivo.

Los ecotipos locales pueden cultivarse en aquellos modelos de producción de PAM artesanos orientados a la elaboración de productos finales ya sean para alimentación, cosmética o higiene. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20190

17 species (from 58) are high in EO (yield exceed 3%). Moreover among these species, 7 species exhibit a yield that exceeds 4% in which 2 species indicate a yield that exceeds 5% (Eucalyptus oldfieldii (5,0%) and Eucalyptus sargenti (5,6%)). In breif species such : E bicostata, E torquata, E salmonoploia, E citriodora, E sideroxylon, E diversicolor,E stricklandii, E maiden, E cinerea, E astringens, E eremophloia, E gracilis, E globulus,E loxophleba, E transcontinalis, E oldfieldiiet E sargentii seems very productive so that they can be promoted in order to produce EO.

EO composition analysis of eucalyptus reveals that the most frequent compound with the highest levels is 1-8 cineole, its average (all species and all site combined) is 23% (between 2,4% and 70, 4%) (E cinerea). The second major compound is α-pinene with an average of 8.35% (between 0.8 and 27.5%).On the basis of the results obtained, it is recommended to create Eucalyptus essential oils plantations. They should be sufficiently varied ; either in the form of forest plantations under rainfed conditions on relatively large areas (10 ha or more), moderately dense (2 * 3 m), or in the form of dense agricultural plantations (2 * 2 m) conducted intensively (irrigation, fertilization…) in order to regularly provide small extraction unit with sufficient leaf biomass.

These plantations should be conducted with short cut rotations: 3 to 4 years for forest plantations and 2 to 3 years for agricultural plantations. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20184

Sur les 58 espèces d’Eucalyptus étudiées, 17 sont dotées d’une grande richesse en HE, avec un rendement en HE dépassant 3%. Parmi ces espèces, 7 ont un rendement supérieur à 4% dont 2 espèces dépassant les 5% (Eucalyptus oldfieldii (5,0%) et Eucalyptus sargenti (5,6%)).Des espèces comme : E bicostata, E torquata, E salmonoploia, E citriodora, E sideroxylon, E diversicolor,E stricklandii, E maiden, E cinerea, E astringens, E eremophloia, E gracilis, E globulus,E loxophleba, E transcontinalis, E oldfieldiiet E sargentii se révèlent très productives et peuvent être promues par excellence dans un objectif de production d’huiles essentielles. L’analyse de la composition des HE des eucalyptus révèle que le composé le plus fréquent avec des taux les plus élevés est le 1-8 cineole, sa moyenne toute espèce et tout site confondus est de 23% comprise entre 2, 4 et 70,4 % (E cinerea). Le 2ème composé majeur est l’α pinène avec une moyenne de 8,35 % comprise entre (0,8 et 27,5 %).Sur la base des résultats obtenus, il est recommandé de créer des plantations à base d’Eucalyptus à HE qui soient suffisamment variées soit sous forme de plantations forestières sous un régime pluvial sur des superficies relativement importantes(10ha et plus), moyennement denses(2*3 m), soit sous forme de plantations agricoles plus denses (2*2m) conduites en intensif (irrigation, fertilisation…) afin d’assurer une production en biomasse foliaire en quantité suffisante pour alimenter régulièrement une petite unité d’extraction,

Ces plantations devraient être conduites avec des rotations de coupe courtes : 3 à 4 ans pour les plantations forestières et 2 à 3 ans pour les plantations agricoles. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20184

The average weight of 100 seeds is 0.3 g (100 g = 33,300 seeds). Seed harvesting is done manually by harvesting ripe fruit directly from the branches (July-September). Chemical scarification seeds with sulfuric acid (96% H2SO4) for 15 minutes yielded very satisfactory results. The germination tests were conducted in agar cultures (1%) at a temperature of 20°C (12h light/12h dark) for 1 to 2 weeks. The average germination rate exceeds 85%. Good results were also obtained with alternating temperature 25/10°C or 15°C (Bacchetta et al., 2015). Abrasive paper can also be used for mechanical scarification. The seeds are orthodox, so they can be dried at 15°C and 15% relative humidity and stored at 5°C for several years.The Anthyllis barba-jovis requires a sunny exposure as well as a drained stony soil and little humus. It can grow in calcareous soil and supports sea spray. The seeds are better to be used fresh. They are soaked in lukewarm water for half a day, and then sown in a sandy mixture kept slightly moist for 1 to 2 weeks. As soon as the seedlings reveal small roots through the holes in the pot, they must be transplanted into a deep individual pot. They must be quickly transplanted in the field before their taproot rolls too much into the pot. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20179

Le poids moyen de 100 graines est de 0.3 g (100 g = 33,300 graines). La récolte des semences se fait manuellement en ramassant directement les fruits mûrs entre le mois de Juillet-Septembre. Les essais de germination mené sur des graines de l’anthyllide ont montré que la scarification chimique avec l’acide sulfirique (96% ; H2SO4), durant 15 minutes, a permis d’obtenir des résultats très satisfaisants. Ces essais ont été conduits en chambre de culture sur Agar (1%) à une température de 20°C (12h lumière/12h obscurité) pendant deux semaines. Le taux moyen de germination dépasse 85%. Des bonnes résultats ont été obtenus aussi avec une alternance de température 25/10°C ou 15°C (Bacchetta et al., 2015). Les graines sont orthodoxes, elles peuvent donc être séchées à 15°C et 15% d’humudité relative et conservées à 5°C pendant plusieurs années, ou à -25 °C pour la collecte de base.La barbe Jupiter demande une exposition ensoleillée ainsi qu’un sol caillouteux bien drainé et peu humifère. Il peut croitre en sol calcaire et supporte les embruns marins. Les graines de la barbe de Jupiter germent mieux fraiches. Elles sont trempées dans de l’eau tiède une demi-journée, puis semées dans un mélange sablonneux gardé légèrement humide pendant une à deux semaines. Dès que les plantules laissent entrevoir de petites racines par les trous du pot, il faut les repiquer en pot individuel profond. Elles doivent être rapidement repiquées, avant que leurs racines pivotantes ne s’enroulent trop dans le pot. Des boutures de tiges semi-aoutées peuvent être faites à l’étouffée, en été. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20179

Urtica dioica leaves were macerated using water, alcohol or oil as solvents. The aqueous extracts showed the most important antioxidant power with an IC50 equal to 0.6 mg / ml. The aqueous and alcoholic extract showed an interesting antimicrobial effect against Enteroccocus faecatis, Pseaudomonas aeroginas, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. A total sensitivity against Candida Albicans was also observed.As a continuation of this work, it is interesting to purify the molecules present in these extracts especially in the aqueous and alcoholic extracts. It would be also very necessary to complete this study in vivo conditions. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20177

Les extraits obtenus par macération aqueuse, alcoolique et huileuse ont indiqué une richesse en phénols totaux, flavonoïdes et tanins. L’extrait aqueux a montré le pouvoir antioxydant le plus important avec une CI50 égale à 0.6 mg/ml. L’extrait aqueux et alcoolique a prouvé un effet intéressant antimicrobien contre Enteroccocus faecatis, Pseaudomonas aeroginas, Staphylococcus aureus et Escherchia coli par contre une sensibilité totale contre Candida Albicans.Comme continuité de ce travail, il est intéressant de purifier les molécules présentes dans ces extraits comme actif présent dans les extraits aqueux et alcoolique. Il serait fort nécessaire de compléter cette étude in vivo et de s’en assurer de l’innocuité totale chez un modèle animal de choix, à même capable de vérifier les autres propriétés biologiques de cet extrait et des autres types d’extraits à savoir la macération et les extraits par d’autres. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20177

The germination essays applied for the seeds of H. coronarium collected in 2015 demonstrated a good germinative capacity of the species without any pre-treatment. The best germination rate of 90% of the seeds was observed by applying the combination of temperature between 20 and 25°C, a light period of 16h per day and using black peat as substratum. Salinity affects the germination of seeds either by creating an osmotic potential blocking the absorption of water or by the toxic effect of sodium and chloride ions.To get the best results for sulla seed propagation, we recommend the following steps:

Collect mature seeds

Clean the seeds using an automatic blender and separate them using a strainer and conserve them in a low temperature with 15% of humidity.

Plant the seeds in dark peat with regular watering

Use a combination of temperature between 20 and 25°C, a light period of 16h per day to get the best germination rate.

To save and preserve the fragile and vulnerable germplasm of sulla, dehydrating the seeds to 4% humidity followed by storage at -18 °C for long-term storage. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20161

Les essaies de germination appliquées sur les semences de sulla montrent une forte capacité germinative sans prétraitement. Le meilleur taux de germination trouvé est de 90% en appliquant une combinaison de 20 à 25°C de température, une photopériode de 16h par jour en utilisant de la tourbe noire comme substrat. Le sulla en tant que Fabaceae fourragère a plusieurs rôles à jouer dans les systèmes de rotation principalement avec le blé. Au stade germinatif, le sulla a présenté une mauvaise tolérance à la sécheresse. La salinité affecte la germination des graines soit par la création d'un potentiel osmotique bloquant l'absorption de l'eau soit par l'effet toxique des ions sodium et chlorure.Pour avoir les meilleurs résultats de germination par graines, on recommande les différentes étapes suivantes :

Collecte des graines matures

Nettoyer les graines en utilisant un malaxeur et les trier en utilisant des tamis. Les graines vont être conservées sous froid à 15% d’humidité. L’humidité relative des semences lors de la récolte représente un facteur primordial pour leur longévité.

Utiliser une combinaison de 16h de lumière et 8h d’obscurité avec une température entre 20 et 25°C pour avoir les meilleurs taux de germination

Transplanter les plantules germées dans des pots avec de la tourbe et les biens arrosées

Pour sauvegarder et préserver le germoplasme fragile et vulnérable du sulla, une déshydratation des semences jusqu’à 4 % d'humidité suivie d’une conservation à –18°C pour une conservation à long terme. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20161

The germination essay of Periploca angustifolia was applied in controlled conditions on new collected seeds. The average weight of 100 seeds is 0.56 g (100 g = 25,000 seeds)The best results were obtained using a photoperiod of 16 hours light and 8 hour’s darkness under 30°C temperature and 77% humidity. The seeds of Periploca angustifolia don’t need pre-treatment applications. Knowing the germination requirements of this species is a crucial step towards the conservation and propagating of this native species.We suggest a manual collection of fruits just before maturity and let them open while drying to prevent seeds dispersal. The seeds are orthodox; the conservation could be done under 15% humidity and 5°C temperature. Or even -25°C for long-term conservation. Fruits collection could be done between July and August. Seeds plantation was done directly on black peat. It appears that P. angustifolia seeds do not need pre-treatment before sowing. Knowing the germination requirements of this species is a crucial step towards the conservation and development of this native species. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20159

Les essaies de germination ont été appliquées dans des conditions contrôlées sur des graines nouvellement collectés. Le poids moyen de 100 graines est de 0.56 g (soit 100 g = 25,000 graines). Les meilleurs résultats ont été obtenus avec une photopériode de 16 heures de lumière et 8 heures d’obscurité sous une température de 30°C et une humidité de 77%. Il ressort que les graines de P. angustifolia n’ont pas besoin de prétraitement avant le semis. La connaissance des exigences germinatives de cette espèce constitue une étape primordiale vers la conservation et la valorisation de cette espèce autochtone.On suggère une collection manuelle des gousses avant maturité complète et on les laisse s’ouvrir pour éviter la dispersion des graines. Les graines sont orthodoxes, la conservation peut être réalisée dans des conditions de 15% d’humidité, 5°C de température ou -25°C pour une conservation à long terme. La collecte des fruits se fait entre juillet et aout et la plantation se fait dans la tourbe. Il ressort que les graines de P. angustifolia n’ont pas besoin de prétraitement avant le semis. La connaissance des exigences germinatives de cette espèce constitue une étape primordiale vers la conservation et la valorisation de cette espèce autochtone. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20159

We performed a series of tests (germination, vitality, calculation of the number and initial weight of the seeds, etc.) on the fresh material to have useful data to predict, the number of replicas of the tests and the number of seeds per reply, as well as monitoring the productivity of the population. The seeds are cleaned mechanically using a blender and are then separated from the debris using different sieves. Scarification with Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) for 5 to 10 minutes made it possible to obtain very satisfactory results. The results obtained from the germination tests on Myrtus communis showed an average germination rate of 90%. To get the best results for Myrtus seed germination, we recommend the following steps:

Collect mature fruits to have the best quality of the seeds

Clean and dry the seeds before treatment.

Using chemical scarification to left the dormancy and improve seeds germination capacity by putting them in Sulfuric acid for 5 to 10 min

Put the seeds in petri dishes between 2 filter papers soaked in water and under controlled temperature and humidity.

Keep the seeds moist.

Transplant the germinating seeds into a mix of peat and sand with a temperature of 25°C. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20158

Les résultats obtenus des essais de germination menés sur Myrtus communis a montré un taux moyen de germination de 90%. La scarification avec l'acide sulfurique (H2SO4) durant 5 à 10 minutes a permis d’obtenir des résultats très satisfaisants.Le Myrte est une espèce autochtone qui ne présente aucune forme de protection. Les graines de Myrtus communis n’ont pas besoin de prétraitement avant le semis. Une scarification chimique à l'aide de (H2SO4) est très utile pour garantir une bonne germination. Ces résultats constituent une étape importante vers la conservation de cette espèce autochtone menacée par la surexploitation.On peut recommander de suivre les étapes suivantes pour obtenir les meilleurs taux de germination pour Myrtus communis :

Collecter des fruits matures pour avoir une meilleure qualité des graines

Nettoyer et sécher les graines avant traitement.

Le nettoyage des graines peut ce faire mécaniquement à l'aide d'un mixeur. Elles sont par la suite séparées des débris en utilisant différents tamis.

Appliquer une scarification chimique sur en imbibant les graines dans l’acide sulfurique pendant 5 à 10 min.

Mettre les graines dans des boites de pétri entre 2 papiers filtre imbibées d’eau et sous une température ambiante.

Ne pas laisser l’eau se dessécher

Semer les graines dans la tourbe et les biens arrosées. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20158

Pulps were collected from plants cultivated in the Tunisian experimental station of “Rouhia” (northwestern Tunisia; 35° 40’-15.39” N; longitude 9° 0.3 - 15.29 E; altitude 636 m). The fruits (Figure 2) of Ziziphus jujuba were collected in September 2009. The oil yields obtained from Z. jujuba pulps ranged from 8.61% to 10.31% based on dry weight. The major fatty acid observed was the oleic acid (omega-9) at a level of 50.68% and 42.82% of the total oil. The total phenol contents ranged between 10.43 mg/L and 15.85 mg/L. Studied by means of High Performance Liquid Chromatog-raphy (HPLC), the rutin and apigenin were the most detected phenols at levels of 1.1 mg/100g and 1.9 mg/100g, respectively.We could recommend following steps in order to get the most efficient results:

-Collect the mature fruits in the best conditions in order to reduce the damage caused by the transport.

-Look for the maximum conditions of storage to minimize the damaged fruits. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20152

Les fruits sont recueillis sur des arbres de la station expérimentale de “Rouhia” (nord-ouest de la tunisie; 35° 40’-15.39” N; longitude 9° 0.3 - 15.29 E; latitude 636 m). La récolte des fruits s'effectue durant la période allant de septembre à novembre 2009. Le rendement d'extraction des huiles oscille entre 8,31 % et 12,35 %. L'acide oléique (omega-9) etait le principal composant avec un taux qui varie de 42,82% à 50,68%.

Ces analyses confirment aussi la richesse de cet organe en phénols totaux (de 10,43 mg/L and 15,85 mg/L).

L'analyse par la méthode HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatog-raphy), fait ressortir deux principaux phénols: la rutine et l'apigénine avec des taux de 1,1 mg/100g et 1,9 mg/100g, respectivement.Suite à cette étude, nous recommandons les points suivants:

- La collecte des fruits matures dans les meilleures conditions pour minimiser les dommages liées à la récolte et au transport.

- Chercher les conditions adéquates nécessaires pour le stockage des fruits. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20152

Phytochimical analysis revealed that this plant has a wide range of phyto contents including flavonoids, polyphenols, and proteins.

Evaluation of phytochemical and biological activities showed that:

Total polyphenol content differs from one provenance to another

Total flavonoids content differs from one source to another

It was also reported that the flavonoids and polyphenols vary in different aerial parts of the plant (stem and leaves)

The plant has many pharmacological activities including antioxidant activityThis plant is highly consumed as natural remedies especially among elder people and for veterinary care activities. This plant is over-harvested in Tunisian forest areas which leads to the destruction of an important source of bioactive molecules with various uses and benefits for human consumption. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20151

Des enquêtes phytochimiques ont révélé que cette plante contient une large gamme de teneurs en composant phytochimique, notamment des flavonoïdes, des polyphénols et des protéines.

L’évaluation des activités phytochimiques et biologiques a montré que:

La teneur totale en polyphénols diffère d'une provenance à une autre

La teneur totale en flavonoïdes diffère d'une source à l'autre

Les flavonoïdes et les polyphénols varient dans les différentes parties aériennes de la plante (tige et feuilles).

La plante a de nombreuses activités pharmacologiques, y compris une activité antioxydanteA part la consommation par les animaux et par les personnes âgées, qui ont pris l'habitude de consommer Portulaca de ses parents, cette plante est jetée dans les rivières.

Chaque jour, nous perdons une usine de molécules bioactives pouvant présenter des solutions pour des nombreux problèmes. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20151

In our study, we evaluated

The results show that there is no significant different the drying technique as the yields are almost similar

After the physicochemical analysis, the Pinus pinea extracts have a rather high levels of polyphenols

The experimental PPT content of both extraction techniques are in agreement with those predicted, this proves that there is no significant difference between the two technics.In Tunisia, there is an economic importance attributed to Pinus pinea seeds... In contrast, the pine needles are less used. Therefore, it could be useful to develop the use of this pine for their beneficial molecules. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20147

Dans notre étude, nous avons évalué

Les résultats montrent qu'il n'y a pas de différence significative entre la technique de séchage car les rendements sont presque similaires

Après l'analyse physicochimique, les extraits de Pinus pinea ont une teneur assez élevée en polyphénols

Le contenu expérimental en PPT des deux techniques d'extraction est en accord avec celles prédites, ce qui prouve qu'il n'y a pas de différence significative entre les deux techniques.En Tunisie, on attribue une importance économique aux graines de Pinus pinea . En revanche, les aiguilles de pin sont moins utilisées. Par conséquent, il pourrait être utile de développer l'utilisation de ses aiguilles pour ses molécules bénéfiques. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20147

Our results clearly demonstrated that the ethanolic extracts were characterized by a high amount of phenolic compounds. The total antioxidant activity of the extracts was estimated at 242.5-1206.87 GAE in mg/g. The amounts of total phenols in the Pinus nigra needles obtained in this study are more important than those found in other pines species such as Pinus halepensis (Laracine-Pittet and Lebreton, 1988), Pinus pinaster (Alonso et al. 2002), A highly significant difference was recorded between provenances. Needles of Pinus nigra could be used as a source of natural antioxidants.These results suggest black pine needles as a potent source of natural antioxidants applied in pharmaceutical and food industries. To highlight the properties of this plant, additional investigations concerning more biological activities and chemical composition of these different essential oils require to be conducted. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20146

Nos résultats ont clairement démontré que les extraits éthanoliques sont caractérisés par une grande quantité de composés phénoliques. L'activité antioxydante totale des extraits a été estimée à 242,5-1206,87 GAE en mg / g. Les quantités de phénols totaux dans les aiguilles de Pinus nigra obtenues dans cette étude sont plus importantes que celles trouvées chez d’autres espèces de pins telles que Pinus halepensis (Laracine-Pittet et Lebreton, 1988) et Pinus pinaster (Alonso et al. 2002), une différence significative a été enregistrée entre les provenances. Les aiguilles de Pinus nigra pourraient être utilisées comme source d’antioxydants naturels.Ces résultats suggèrent les aiguilles de pin noir comme une source puissante d’antioxydants naturels appliqués dans les industries pharmaceutiques et alimentaires. Pour mettre en évidence les propriétés de cette plante, des investigations supplémentaires concernant les activités biologiques et les compositions chimiques de ces différentes huiles essentielles doivent être menées. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20146

In this work, we evaluated the viability of the seeds collected by the forestry department in order to be used for future reforestation stored at a temperature of 4 ° C and a relative humidity of 80%. the Eucalyptus are called opportunists whose growth depends essentially on the optimal average temperature but before sowing need to be sprayed with insecticide and fungicide products.The results obtained show that:

-Germination percentage of Eucalyptus seeds varies from 60% for E.microtheca to 80% for E.ovata and E.camaldulensis

- E.astringens and E.microtheca showed a delay in germination compared to the other species that could be explained by a harder seed coat and a much higher water need.Forests play a fundamental role in the fight against rural poverty, ensuring food security and providing decent livelihoods. The reforestation proceeding must consider seed nature, conservation conditions and water need. In fact, thanks to their genetic heritage and their evolution over the millennia, Eucalyptus, have acquired growth characteristics which are essential for reforestation. They have vigorous and aggressive characters that allow them to enable the rapid creation of forest resources. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20144

Dans ce travail, nous avons évalué la viabilité des semences collectées par le service forestier, conservées à une température de 4°C et une humidité relative de 80%. Les Eucalyptus sont qualifiés d’opportunistes dont la croissance dépend essentiellement de la température moyenne optimales. Mais nécessitent d’être soupoudrées avec des produits d’insecticides et de fongicides. Les résultats obtenus montrent que :

-Le pourcentage de germination des graines d'eucalyptus varie de 60% pour E.microtheca à 80% pour E.ovata et E. camaldulensis.

- E.astringens et E. microtheca ont montré un retard dans la germination par rapport aux autres espèces, ce qui pourrait s'expliquer par un tégument plus dur et un besoin en eau beaucoup plus importantLes forêts jouent un rôle fondamental dans la lutte contre la pauvreté rurale, en assurant la sécurité alimentaire et en offrant des moyens de subsistance décents. Le processus de reboisement doit tenir compte de la nature des semences, des conditions de conservation et des besoins en eau. En effet, les Eucalyptus, grâce à leur héritage génétique et leur évolution au cours des millénaires ont acquis des caractéristiques de croissance qui essentielles pour la perpétuation du reboisement. Ils possèdent des caractères de vigueurs et d’agressivité qui leurs permettent d’aider à la création rapide des ressources forestières. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20144

The phytochemical and biological activities and the regeneration techniques of Arbutus were evaluated. The multiplication of seeds in vitro is more effective than in vivo in terms of germination time. The ethanolic extracts of leaves and fruits have a higher yield in comparison with the aqueous ones. The fruit has a higher total polyphenol content than leaves. While the highest content of flavonoids has been recorded in the leaves. The antibacterial activity of the raw extracts against some strains of Gram + and Gram- showed that the arbutus is characterized by an interesting efficiency. The ethanolic extracts of fruits and leaves reduce the attack severity of Fusarium in vitroIn the northern region of Tunisia, no economic importance has been attributed to Arbutus unedo. Therefore, there is an urgent need to take action to improve the production, marketing and consumption of arbutus derived products in several industries, by contributing to the recovery, preservation and biodiversity of species. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20143

Dans notre étude, nous avons évalué les activités phytochimiques et biologiques ainsi que les techniques de régénération de l’Arbutusunedo. Les resultants obtenus, montrent que:

La multiplication in vitro des grains semble être plus efficace que celle in vivo de point de vue temps de germination.

Les extraits éthanoliques des feuilles et des fruits prepares possèdent le rendement le plus élevé par rapport à ceux aqueux.

Le screening phytochimique a révélé que les fruits d’Arbousier possèdent une teneur plus élevée en polyphénols totaux que les feuilles. Alorsque la teneur la plus élevée en flavonoïdes a été enregistré chez les feuilles.

Tous les extraits de la plante étudiée ont la capacité de réduire les radicaux libres. Cette reduction augmente en fonction de la concentration des extraits.

L’étude de l’activité antibactérienne des extraits bruts vis-à-vis de certaines souches de Gram+ et Gram-, a montré que l’arbousier se caractérise par une efficacité intéressante mais qui nécessite des essais plus poussés pour un screening plus approfondis.

L’analyse de l’efficacité des extraits bruts de l’arbousier a montré que les extraits éthanoliques des fruits et des feuilles réduisent in vitro la sévérité d'attaque de Fusarium.Dans la région Nord de la Tunisie, aucune importance économique n'a été attribuée à l’Arbousier. Par conséquent, il est urgent d'agir afin d'améliorer la production, la commercialisation et la consommation des produits dérivés de l'arbousier, en contribuant à la valorisation, la préservation et la biodiversité des espèces. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20143

The seeds of M. arborea are disinfected using an 8% Sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 minutes. The seeds are placed to germinate in Petri dishes, with sterilized filter paper. Using boiled water to leave seeds dormancy was the best treatment used in our experience whish increased seeds germination rate to above 60%. The best germination temperatures were comprised between 18°C and 25°C. The temperature has averted as the most important abiotic factor in the M. arborea conservation and propagation. Multiplication tests were carried out in a greenhouse in the nursery of INRGREF, which gave success results greater than 80%.The protection, germination, and propagation of M. arborea species are an important action, and this work helps us understand this aspect. So, we recommend:

Collect mature seeds and clean them very well. The cleaning was done by hands then the seeds were separated by a sieve.

Dry the seeds and conserve them in low-temperature conditions between 4-6°C.

Sterilize the seeds and put them in a solution of 8% hypochlorite de sodium for 10 min.

Clean seeds using sterilized water.

Put 25 seeds in a petri dish between 2 filter paper and add sterilized water to them

Make sure that the water doesn’t dry out

Transplant the germinating seeds into a mix of peat and sand and put them in a 25°C temperature. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20141

Les graines de M. arborea sont désinfectées après un séjour de 10 minutes dans une solution d’hypochlorite de sodium à 8%. Elles sont ensuite rincées à l’eau distillée. Les graines sont mises à germer dans des boites de pétri, avec de papier filtre stérilisé. L'utilisation d'une eau chaude pour lever la dormance est le meilleur traitement appliqué qui a permis d’obtenir un résultat satisfaisant avec un taux de germination qui dépasse les 60%. Les meilleures températures de germination sont comprises entre 18 et 25°C. La température s’est avérée comme le facteur le plus limitant dans la multiplication de M. arborea.La germination et la propagation de M. arborea est une action importante qui nécessite:

Collecte et nettoyage des gaines. Le nettoyage a été fait manuellement avec l'utilisation des tamis pour séparer les graines.

Sécher les graines et les conserver sous des faibles températures entre 4-6°C.

Stériliser les graines et les mettre dans une solution d'hypochlorite de sodium à 8% pendant 10 min.

Mettre les graines dans des boites de pétri entre 2 papiers filtre imbibées d’eau et sous une température ambiante.

Conserver toujours l'humidité des papiers filtres.

Transplanter les graines germées dans un mix de tourbe et de sable et les mettre sous des conditions contrôlées à 25°C de température. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20141

The main results of the tests seeds held in our laboratory showed an important germination rate about 80 % of. The transplantation of the new plants into peat mixed with soil showed a successful plant rate of about 90 %. The Lavandula is a native species which does not offer any form of protection in Tunisia. Seed germination is optimal at a temperature of 30 °C, with a photoperiod of 16 h light / 8 h dark in the peat. These results are very encouraging to better conserve this species with high economic value.It is recommended to follow the main steps to get the best germination rate:

Collecting, cleaning, and choosing the best seeds of the species

Drying and conserving the seeds in 5°C and 15 % humidity conditions for future use, or at -25 °C for long term storage.

Applying an alternation between light (16 hours) and dark (8 hours) to obtain germination rates higher than 80%.

Germination of the Lavandula requires no pre-treatment

Transplant the sprouted seeds into a substrate with a mixture of peat and sand at 25 °C in a greenhouse. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20140

Les résultats de la germination des graines de Lavandula stoechas montrent un taux moyen de germination de l'ordre de 80%. Des essais de propagation et de multiplication sont entrepris sous serre à l'INRGREF. Les résultats obtenus montre un taux de réussite supérieur à 90%. La Lavande est une espèce autochtone qui ne présente aucune forme de protection en Tunisie. La germination des graines est optimale à une température de 30°C, avec une photoperiode de 16 h lumière/8 h obscurité dans la tourbe. Ces résultats son très encourageant pour mieux conserver cette espèce à haute valeur économique.Il est recommandé de suivre les principales étapes suivantes pour obtenir les meilleurs taux de germination:

Collecte, nettoyage, et choix des meilleures graines

Séchage et conservation des graines à une température de 5°C et 15 % d’humidité pour une future utilisation ou à -25°C pour un stockage à long terme.

Appliquer une photopériode (16 heures lumière x 8 heures obscurité) pour obtenir des taux de germination supérieurs à 80%

La germination de lavande ne nécessite aucun prétraitement

Transplanter les graines germées dans un substrat avec un mélange de tourbe et de sable à 25°C sous serre. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20140

A general characterization of the Montpellier maple seeds gives us a general idea about their dimensions with 1.9 cm length x 0.5 cm width, and a weight of 3.7 g for 100 seeds. The seed viability test was about 55%. Among all the treatments tested, only putting the seeds in Petri dishes with filter paper soaked in water at a temperature between 3 to 5 °C in seeds bank for 3 months gave as good results. The germination rate was about 47% and the plant transplantation success rate was 62.5% at a local nursery.The situation of the Montpellier maple in Tunisia is alarming especially in Bargou and Zaghouan mountains, and to avoid this situation we recommend the following steps to conserve this species:

Collect mature seeds between October and November

Clean the seeds and conserve them in low temperature.

Put 10 seeds in a petri dish with water and 2 filter paper and put them under a cold temperature of 3 to 5°C

Make sure that the water doesn’t dry out

Transplant the germinating seeds into a mix of peat and sand with a temperature of 25°C. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20139

Une caractérisation générale des graines de l’érable nous a donné une idée sur ces dimensions avec 1,9 cm de longueur, une largeur de 0,5 cm et un poids moyen de 3,7 g pour 100 graines. Le taux de viabilité des graines est de 55%. Parmi tous les traitements testés, seulement la mise des graines dans des boites de pétri avec du papier filtre imbibé d’eau sous une température de 4°C pendant 3 mois a donné des résultats. Le taux de germination enregistré est de 47% et le taux de réussite de transplantation est de 62,5%.La situation de l’érable de Montpellier en Tunisie est alarmante spécialement au niveau de Djebel Bargou et Zaghouan. Ainsi, pour éviter cette situation, on recommande de suivre ces étapes pour arriver à multiplier cette espèce :

Collecte des graines matures entre les mois d’octobre et de Novembre

Nettoyer les graines et les conserver sous des basses températures

Mettre les graines dans des boites de pétri entre 2 papiers filtre imbibées d’eau et sous une température qui varie entre 3 et 5°C

Ne pas laisser l’eau se dessécher

Transplanter les graines germées dans un substrat avec de tourbe et de sable à 25°C sous serre. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20139

Outbreaks of gall wasps, Ophelimus maskelli, is controlled by its natural enemy. In fact, before establishment of its parasitoid Closterocerus chamaeleon, O. maskelli increased dramatically its population and its damage affected 18 Eucalyptus species in Tunisian forests. After parasitoid establishment, host range narrowed down by 83% and only 3 species are susceptible to the gall wasp attack: E. camaldulensis, E. rudis and E. tereticornis all in the section exertaria, series Exertae (Fig. 2.A). The intensity of galled leaves of these three species decreased after the establishment of this biological control agent (Fig 2.B).Several Eucalyptus species are introduced in Tunisia and many of them showed a great importance in beekeeping and essential oil production. For successful plantings, it is of great importance to study both the productivity of Eucalyptus species in flowers (nectar) and essential oils, their climatic and edaphic adaptation and their resistance or tolerance to insect attack. Biological control by parasitoids is one of many management tools of insect pests. The biological balance between O. maskelli and its parasitoid C. chamaeleon is established in Tunisia. Maintaining this balance depends on the choice of species that are resistant to the insect pest. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20134

La pullulation d’O. maskelli, est contrôlée par son ennemi naturel C. chamaeleon. En fait, avant l'installation de son parasitoïde, O. maskelli a considérablement augmenté sa population et ses dégâts ont affecté 18 espèces d'Eucalyptus dans les forêts tunisiennes. Après l'introduction et l’installation du parasitoïde C. chamaeleon, la gamme d'hôtes s'est rétrécie de 83% et seules 3 espèces sont sensibles à l'attaque du gallicole: E. camaldulensis, E. rudis et E. tereticornis toutes dans la section exertaria, série Exertae (Fig.2.A). L'intensité d’attaque des feuilles, de ces trois espèces, a aussi diminué après l’installation de cet agent de lutte biologique (Fig 2.B).Plusieurs espèces d'Eucalyptus sont introduites en Tunisie et certaines d'entre elles ont montré une grande importance dans l'apiculture et la production d'huiles essentielles. Pour des plantations réussies, il est très important d'étudier à la fois la productivité des espèces d'Eucalyptus en fleurs (nectar) et en huiles essentielles, leur adaptation climatique et édaphique et leur résistance ou tolérance aux attaques d'insectes. La lutte biologique par les parasitoïdes est l'un des nombreux outils de gestion des insectes ravageurs. L'équilibre biologique entre O. maskelli et son parasitoïde C. chamaeleon est établi en Tunisie. Le maintien de cet équilibre dépend du choix des espèces résistantes à l'insecte ravageur. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20134

An agreement has been established since 2007 between the stakeholders of this sensitive territory to enforce harvesting and cultural practices for the conservation of the natural habitat (the high stubble) and the arnica resource. It involves in particular the 6 municipalities of the territory, the farmers and the pharmaceutical laboratories transforming arnica.

152 ha are currently registered. Up to 75 harvesters of arnica are involved and an average harvest of 8.5 tons / year is ensured.

The pharmaceutical laboratories contribute to the financing of the scientific monitoring of the resource.- Harvesters must request an authorization from the Park to gather on the perimeter agreed and undertake to respect the specifications included in the agreement

- Farmers have signed with the municipalities owners of stubble in the agreement area, a "ready-to-use", agricultural agreement that allows to integrate the recommendations for the preservation of Arnica: they must in particular do not lime or fertilize the grasslands , and wait until the end of the harvest period to put the herds on pasture or to mow.

- A surveillance of the respect of the rules of picking is carried out by the agents of the Park, but also the elected officials of the communes and the rangers (green brigades in Haut-Rhin)

- A multi-annual monitoring is carried out to monitor the state of conservation of the Arnica montana population on the aera. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20112

Une convention est établie depuis 2007 entre les différents acteurs du territoire sensible pour faire respecter des modalités de cueillette et de pratiques culturales pour la conservation de l’habitat naturel (les hautes chaumes) et de la ressource arnica. Elle implique notamment les 6 municipalités du territoire, les agriculteurs et les laboratoires pharmaceutiques transformant l’arnica.

152 ha sont à ce jour conventionnés. Jusqu’à 75 cueilleurs d’arnica sont concernés et un prélèvement moyen de 8,5 tonnes / an est assuré.

Les laboratoires pharmaceutiques contribuent au financement du suivi scientifique de la ressource.Les cueilleurs doivent demander une autorisation au Parc pour cueillir sur le périmètre conventionné er s’engagent à respecter le cahier des charges inscrit dans la convention

des agriculteurs ont signé avec les communes propriétaires des chaumes de la zone conventionnée, un « prêt à usage », convention agricole qui permet d’intégrer les recommandations pour la préservation de l’Arnica : ils doivent notamment ne pas chauler ni fertiliser les prairies, et attendre la fin de la période de cueillette pour mettre les troupeaux au pâturage ou pour faucher.

Une surveillance du respect des règles de cueillette est effectuée par les agents du Parc, mais aussi les élus des communes et les gardes champêtres (brigades vertes dans le Haut-Rhin)

Un suivi pluri-annuel est réalisé pour surveiller l’état de conservation de la population d’Arnica montana sur le périmètre. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20112

The AFC currently has more than 100 members including 80% of gatherers and 20% of technical partners. The consultations and work carried out in the FloreS project led to the definition of the profession, its framework and its requirements. The AFC's values have been specified in an ethical charter for all harvesting professionals: management of resources and environments, compliance with legislation, transmission of knowledge and respectful know-how.

The association promotes exchange, sharing, it defends a profession responsible for sustainable management of the resource ; they are co-constructing with scientific partners a guide to good harvesting practices, and play a role of expertise in the sector .AFC harvesters are committed to the following values:

- use respectful harvesting techniques and ensure sustainable management of resources,

- respect other pickers and their picking territories,

- use the spaces after consultation and authorization from the owners,

- deepen knowledge to improve practices,

- participate in raising the awareness of the public concerned by wild resources (gatherers, user businesses, general public).

- represent these values and objectives in the political and institutional structures,

- defend the future of this profession and its traditional knowledge, More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20028

L'AFC regroupe actuellement plus de 100 adhérents dont 80% de cueilleurs et 20% de partenaires techniques. Les concertations et travaux conduits au sein du projet FloreS ont abouti à la définition du métier, de son cadre et de ses exigences. Les valeurs de l'AFC ont été précisées au sein d'une charte éthique à destination des professionnels de la cueillette : gestion des ressources et des milieux, respect de la législation, transmission de savoirs et savoir-faire respectueux.

L'association favorise l'échange, le partage, elle défend un métier responsable d'une gestion durable de la ressource. Ils co-construisent avec des partenaires scientifiques un guide de bonnes pratiques de cueillette, et jouent un rôle d'expertise dans la filière.Les cueilleurs membres de l'AFC s'engagent aux valeurs suivantes :

- utiliser des techniques de cueillette respectueuses et veiller à une gestion durable des ressources,

- respecter les autres cueilleurs et leurs territoires de cueillette,

- utiliser les espaces après concertation et autorisation des propriétaires,

- approfondir les connaissances pour améliorer ses pratiques,

- participer à la sensibilisation des publics concernés par les ressources sauvages (cueilleurs, entreprises utilisatrices, grand public)

- représenter ces valeurs et ces objectifs dans les différentes instances publiques,

- défendre l’avenir de ce métier et les savoirs traditionnels qu’ils portent. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/20028

To dismantle the bureaucratic State control of forest access, DGF has recently made co-management of NWFP the keystone of its development programs by involving organized local population (producers’ groups, cooperatives). The local population appreciates the new approach presented by the DGF especially in the case of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants. Illicit harvesting of Aromatic and Medicinal plants in forestal areas has been reduced significantly. New job opportunities are created for young people and women in forest areas. More areas were managed by the local population in partnership with the administration and local communities can overcome difficulties caused by the actual legal framework in TunisiaAttention should be paid to avoid overexploitation, as literature on natural resources and Non-wood forest products management by local population and communities mentions that these actors could also fail to manage resources effectively and efficiently. Furthermore, there is an urgent need to set up financing mechanisms and to develop public-private partnerships to ensure sustainable management of forest resources. However, launching a monitoring and evaluation system is necessary to improve the performance of this initiative (co-management of natural resources) and to set up management support tools for local producers and to establish technical references on sustainable co-management. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/19836

La population locale apprécie la nouvelle approche présentée par la DGF notamment dans le cas des plantes aromatiques et médicinales. La récolte illicite de plantes aromatiques et médicinales dans les zones forestières a été considérablement réduite. Des nouvelles opportunités d’emploi ont été crée notamment pour les jeunes et les femmes dans les zones forestières. La superficie gérée par la population locale en partenariat avec l’administration est en augmentation et la communauté locale surmontera les difficultés causées par le cadre juridique actuel en Tunisie.Il devient nécessaire de mettre en place des mécanismes de financement et de développer des partenariats public-privé pour assurer une gestion durable des ressources forestières. Cependant, le lancement d'un système de suivi-évaluation est nécessaire pour améliorer la performance de cette initiative (cogestion des ressources naturelles) et pour mettre en place des outils d'aide à la gestion pour les producteurs locaux et pour établir des références techniques sur la cogestion durable. More Information: https://repository.incredibleforest.net/oppla-factsheet/19836

INCREdible - Innovation Networks of Cork, Resins and Edibles in the Mediterranean basin - Aromatic and Medicinal Plants iNet

INCREdible - Innovation Networks of Cork, Resins and Edibles in the Mediterranean basin - Aromatic and Medicinal Plants iNet

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Objectives

Activities

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Ort

EUR 1 999 150.00

Total budget

Project keyword

Ressourcen

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62 Practice Abstracts

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Sections

INCREdible - Innovation Networks of Cork, Resins and Edibles in the Mediterranean basin - Aromatic and Medicinal Plants iNet INCREdible - Innovation Networks of Cork, Resins and Edibles in the Mediterranean basin - Aromatic and Medicinal Plants iNet

Objectives

Objectives

Activities

Additional comments

Additional information

Project details

Ort

EUR 1 999 150.00

Total budget

Project keyword

Ressourcen

Links

62 Practice Abstracts

More Information:

More Information:

Forest management adaptation to the production of equally worth non-wood forest products – a practical opinion

Prilagodba gospodarenja šumama proizvodnji jednakovrijednih nedrvnih šumskih proizvoda – praktično mišljenje

The Val di Non and Val di Sole Apples and Flavours route: a successful territorial marketing strategy

Strada della Mela e dei Sapori delle Valli di Non e di Sole: una strategia di marketing territoriale di successo

Arboretums in Tunisia: importance and interest

Les arboretums en Tunisie: Importance et intérêt

Project PyCup: responsible practices for professional picking. An example of sustainable supply in AMP value chain.

PyCuP : en Pyrénées, des pratiques responsables pour les Cueillettes Professionnelles. Un approvisionnement durable de la filière PAM.

Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Traceability System

Sustav sljedivosti aromatičnog i ljekovitog bilja

Prospecting wild populations of Rosmarinus officinalis in Spain

Prospección de poblaciones silvestres de Rosmarinus officinalis en España

Antioxidant capacity and phenol content of Fraxinus angustifolia leaf and bark extracts

Capacité antioxydante et teneur en phénol des extraits de feuilles et d'écorce de Fraxinus angustifolia

Bar-HRM traceability of plants in food and medicine

BAR-HRM ιχνηλασιμότητα των φυτών στα τρόφιμα και τα φάρμακα

Sustainable wild collection of bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.) in the Pyrenees as a conservation practice

Recolección sostenible de gayuba (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.) en los Pirineos como práctica de conservación

A comprehensive training program for AMP exploitation

Ολοκληρωμένο πρόγραμμα κατάρτισης εκμετάλλευσης ΑΦΦ

Lignite mine reclamation through cultivation of AMP

Αποκατάσταση εδαφών λιγνιτωρυχείων μέσω καλλιέργειας ΑΦΦ

Methodology to assess the situation of a medicinal and aromatic plant species to apply a sustainable management in a specific context

Metodología para valorar la situación de una especie de planta aromático-medicinal que permita aplicar un manejo sostenible en un contexto determinado

Certifying plants’ wild collection: sustainability is more than conservation

Certificación de la recolección silvestre de plantas: sostenibilidad es más que conservación

Cooperation to reach the market of wild medicinal and aromatic plants

Cooperación para llegar al mercado de plantas aromáticas y medicinales silvestres

Feed Additives: Aromatic Plants and Herbs in Animal Nutrition and Health

Πρόσθετα ζωοτροφών: Αρωματικά φυτά και βότανα στη διατροφή και την υγεία των ζώων

Conservation and sustainable exploitation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants from mountain areas

Διατήρηση και αειφορική εκμετάλλευση Φαρμακευτικών και Αρωματικών Φυτών από ορεινές περιοχές

Medicinal Plants of Epirus

Φαρμακευτικά Φυτά της Ηπείρου

"Aromas del Encinar - AROEN": aromatic and medicinal plants from Madrid municipality rural areas

"Aromas del Encinar - AROEN": piante aromatiche e medicinali dalle zone rurali della municipalità di Madrid

An example of good practice in the aromatic and medicinal plants sector

Primjer dobre prakse u sektoru aromatičnog i medicinskog bilja

Improvement and development possibilities in cultivation of aromatic and medicinal plants

Unaprjeđenje i mogućnosti razvoja u uzgoju aromatičnog i ljekovitog bilja

Wild medicinal, aromatic and honey plant species of the southeastern part of the Samoborsko gorje

Samoniklo ljekovito, aromatično i medonosno bilje livada jugoistočnog dijela Samoborskog gorja

Medicinal and aromatic plants of rocky pastures on the northern Adriatic islands

Ljekovite i aromatične biljke kamenjarskih pašnjaka sjevernojadranskih otoka

Traditional use of wild and naturalized plants as a potential for innovation in the development of rural areas of Croatia

Tradicijska primjena samoniklog i naturaliziranog bilja kao potencijal za inovacije u razvoju ruralnih područja Hrvatske

Control and certification of ecological medicinal and aromatic plants in Croatia

Kontrola i certifikacija ekološkog ljekovitog i aromatičnog bilja u Hrvatskoj

Owners group their forest plots into ASLGF to manage their forest and produce essential forest oils

Des propriétaires forestiers se regroupent en ASLGF pour gérer leur forêt et produire des huiles essentielles forestières

Experiences and issues in growing and harvesting lavender

Iskustva i problematika u uzgoju i sakupljanju lavande

Synergies between forest owners and medicinal plant distiller : The case of Eucalyptus in Andalusia

Synergies entre propriétaires forestiers et distillateur de plantes médicinales : exemple avec l’Eucalyptus en Andalousie

Plants subject to commercial picking on French metropolitan territory. Commented list.

Plantes faisant l’objet de cueillettes commerciales sur le territoire métropolitain français. Liste commentée.

Good practice guide for sustainable harvesting of wild plants

Guide de bonnes pratiques pour une cueillette durable de plantes sauvages

Illegal trade & protected species: Salep harvesting and orchid conservation in Epirus (NW Greece)

Παράνομο εμπόριο και προστατευόμενα είδη: Ορχιδέες που συλλέγονται για σαλέπι και θέματα διατήρησης στην Ήπειρο (Β.Δ. Ελλάδα)

Medicinal sage (Salvia officinalis L.): use, cultivation and opportunities

Ljekovita kadulja (Salvia officinalis L.): upotreba, uzgoj i mogućnosti

Impact of the production method on the gentian resource and its regeneration - The sustainable development approach of the Gentian sector

INCREdible - Innovation Networks of Cork, Resins and Edibles in the Mediterranean basin - Aromatic and Medicinal Plants iNet

INCREdible - Innovation Networks of Cork, Resins and Edibles in the Mediterranean basin - Aromatic and Medicinal Plants iNet