Crop-livestock and feed systems are very important for the Mediterranean region, both in socio-economic and environmental terms, but they are threatened by the lack of high-protein feed-stuff, the overexploitation of forage resources or increasing costs. Furthermore, due to climate change, the availability of irrigation water and mineral fertilisers may diminish, and the periods of droughts and heat stress are becoming more frequent and intense.

Peas show excellent yields and feed quality across very different climatic environments, and in Mediterranean countries some good practices can help to optimise pea production.

For example, pea varieties with fast early growth and stature are highly recommended, as they compete better with weeds, thus lowering the need for herbicide use or mechanical weeding.

Furthermore, mixtures with cereals, rather than pure stands, have several advantages, as for example better forage quality. Cereals provide also support to the pea stems, reducing lodging susceptibility and improving competition towards weeds. Then, it is advisable to sow the earlier as possible, after flowering, to optimise forage quality and yields.

Regarding pests, pea is especially susceptible to fungus in areas with cool and moist weather. Although chemicals can contribute to deal with diseases, the best strategy is the prevention. For example, ensure the use of healthy seed or plough crop residues right after harvesting, to diminish risk of infection, and never sow pea after another grain legume crop. Additionally, long rotations of, at least 4-5 years every two pea harvests, are also highly recommended.