Sections
project - Research and innovation
PANACEA - A thematic network to design the penetration PAth of Non-food Agricultural Crops into European Agriculture
PANACEA - A thematic network to design the penetration PAth of Non-food Agricultural Crops into European Agriculture
Contexte
In spite of considerable investment in research and development, Non Food Crops (NFC) are not widespread in European agriculture, mainly due to challenges in supply chains as well as gaps in the policy framework and in the investment incentives. Thus, the increasing need for feedstock to supply the bio-based industries makes the successful penetration of NFC in EU agriculture necessary.
In this context, PANACEA Network addresses the challenge of increasing the penetration of NFC into the EU Agriculture and Bio-economy.
Objectives
PANACEA Network aims at the dissemination of near-to-practice
applicable cases of Non-Food Crops and at the cooperation between research, industry and farming community, in order to increase the contribution of Non-Food Crops to the European Bio-economy Strategy. Non-food crops (NFC) are those that do not enter the food chains and are used to produce a wide range of bio-based products including polymers, lubricants, construction materials, pharmaceuticals, as well as bioenergy and fuels. But NFC are not widespread in European agriculture, mainly due to challenges in supply chains and policy gaps.
Objectives
See objectives in English
Activities
Create and disseminate an inventory of scientific results near to practice on the sustainable production of NFC. Analyse and contribute to the role that NFC can play in the rural renaissance of Europe taking into consideration the farmers’ and bio-based industries’ needs and interests. Create interactive multi-actor communities involving a wide range of actors from science, industry and agricultural practice that will facilitate the dissemination of near to practice NFC solutions and capturing and spreading innovative ideas. Provide training to farmers, agronomists and agricultural students on practice-oriented knowledge on specific NFC value chains. Develop the online PANACEA platform.
Project details
- Main funding source
- Horizon 2020 (EU Research and Innovation Programme)
- Type of Horizon project
- Multi-actor project - Thematic network
Emplacement
- Main geographical location
- Ανατολική Αττική (Anatoliki Attiki)
EUR 1 999 500.00
Total budget
Total contributions including EU funding.
Project keyword
- Aquaculture
- Arable crops
- Organic farming
- Agro-ecology
- Crop rotation/crop diversification/dual-purpose or mixed cropping
- Biodiversity and nature
- Climate change (incl. GHG reduction, adaptation and mitigation, and other air related issues)
- Competitiveness/new business models
- Farm diversification
- Fodder and feed
- Outdoor horticulture and woody crops (incl. viticulture, olives, fruit, ornamentals)
- Greenhouse crops
- Soil
- Circular economy, incl. waste, by-products and residues
45 Practice Abstracts
Currently, the interest is aimed at the exploitation of the entire plant (seeds, inflorescence and fiber) to increase the overall profitability of the hemp chain for several applications (food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and green building).
The favourable regulatory framework and the interest of biobased industries were crucial for the relaunch of the hemp supply chain in Italy. Moreover, the availability on the market of mechanized harvesting technologies and varieties suited to the Italian context, as showed by the CREA researchers and by the technicians who attended the event are of no less importance for the complete reaffirmation of the industrial hemp chain in Italy.
As an example, in a dual-purpose production chain aimed at seeds and fiber production, some monoecious varieties have been suggested (Carmaleonte, Santhica, Codimono, Futura 75), replacing the dioecious varieties traditionally used for the production of fiber only, as well as the two-stage harvesting of seeds and residual biomass with commercial technologies adapted with simply modifications with affordable costs.
Attualmente, invece, l'interesse è rivolto alla valorizzazione dell'intera pianta (semi, inflorescenza e fibra) per incrementare la redditività complessiva con diversi sbocchi di mercato (industria alimentare, cosmetica, farmaceutica e della bioedilizia).
L’attuale quadro normativo favorevole e l’interesse delle industrie sono alla base del rilancio della filiera. Di non secondaria importanza per la completa riaffermazione della filera in Italia è la disponilità sul mercato di tecnologie di raccolta meccanizzata e di varietà adatte al contesto italiano presentate dai ricercatori del CREA e dai tecnici intervenuti all’evento.
A titolo di esempio, in una filiera di produzioe a doppia finalità (semi e fibra), sono state suggerite alcune varietà monoiche (Carmaleonte, Santhica, Codimono, Futura 75), in sostituzione delle varietà dioiche tradizinalmente utilizzate per la produzione di sola fibra, e la raccolta in due fasi dei semi e della biomassa residuale con tecnologie commerciali adattate con semplici modifiche dal costo contenuto.
• A winter ECC sequence (maize-ECC-maize): Sown mid-October after the harvest of a mid-early maize and a superficial tillage, the winter ECC (oats/vegetables/peas/triticale or triticale alone) is harvested in early May and followed by maize sown with simplified cultivation techniques (+2 kg/q of digestate).
To ensure the agronomic, economic, and environmental success of the introduction of an ECC, additional R&D needs have been identified:
• Species/varieties to control the digestate supply constraints at the end of the summer.
• Machinery innovation to sow into the previous crop.
• Assessment of digestate spreading impact on soil compaction.
• Technical recommendations on the use and equipment for direct seeding.
• Technical and economic model based on regionalized recommendations for the introduction of these systems.
• Une séquence CIVE d’hiver (maïs-CIVE-maïs): semée après la récolte d’un maïs demi précoce mi-octobre et un travail superficiel du sol, la CIVE d’hiver (avoine/vesce/pois/triticale ou triticale seul) est récoltée début mai et suivie en TCS par du maïs (+2 u/q de digestat).
Pour s’assurer de la réussite agronomique, économique et environnementale de l’introduction de CIVE, des besoins complémentaires en R&D ont été identifiés:
• Espèces/variétés adaptées aux contraintes d’apport de digestat en fin d’été.
• Modalités d’implantation dans le précédent.
• Évaluation des impacts des apports de digestat sur le tassement des sols selon les périodes d’apport.
• Préconisations techniques sur l’emploi et l’équipement en semis direct.
• Modèle technico-économique adapté régionalement pour l’introduction de ces systems.
• Flax adapts agroclimatically to the middle and north of Navarra conditions.
• Flax can be included on typical rotations of the area: two winter cereals and winter rapeseed.
• No need of specialised machinery.
Main disadvantage is that the value chain is not easy to complete due to the difficulty of finding a buyer.
• Se adapta agroclimáticamente a la zona media y norte de Navarra.
• Encaja en el ciclo de la rotación más utilizada en la zona que consiste en dos cereales de invierno (trigo, cebada, avena) y colza de invierno.
• Se puede utilizar la misma maquinaria que para cereal.
La desventaja más importante es que la cadena de valor no es fácil de completar debido a la dificultad de encontrar un comprador.
• Understanding the sustainability aspects of Industrial Crops.
• Selected value chains on industrial crops.
• Market opportunities for multipurpose crops in the EU: a promise of growth, jobs, and sustainability in rural areas.
• Industrial crops for marginal and contaminated lands and for intermediate crops and intercropping strategies.
• Review of industrial crops as part of advisory, research and educational programmes in Europe.
In addition, this Focus Group has identified some areas that have not been well investigated yet. Hence, several Operational Groups (OGs) have been proposed to cover these knowledge gaps.
• Understanding the sustainability aspects of Industrial Crops.
• Selected value chains on industrial crops.
• Market opportunities for multipurpose crops in the EU: a promise of growth, jobs, and sustainability in rural areas.
• Industrial crops for marginal and contaminated lands and for intermediate crops and intercropping strategies.
• Review of industrial crops as part of advisory, research and educational programmes in Europe.
In addition, this Focus Group has identified some areas that have not been well investigated yet. Hence, several Operational Groups (OGs) have been proposed to cover these knowledge gaps.
• A grain maize-rye-grain maize sequence. The rye (winter ECC) is sown at the beginning of October after a superficial tillage and harvested in early May before sowing the maize (fertilization of 20-30 m3/ha of digestate in spring).
• A winter barley-sorghum-wheat sequence. The non-irrigated sorghum (summer ECC) is sown just after the barley harvest at the end of June (digestate input of 70 kg N/ha) and harvested in early October and followed by simplified sowing of wheat (fertilization of 20-30 m3/ha of digestate after sowing).
To ensure the agronomic, economic, and environmental success, additional R&D needs have been identified:
• Most adapted species as winter ECC.
• Optimal stage for digestate input in spring/species.
• Techniques, decision rules and tools adapted to carry out a sowing in the previous crop.
• Technical and economic model based on regionalized recommendations for the introduction of the systems.
• Une séquence maïs grain –SEIGLE– maïs grain. Le seigle (CIVE d’hiver) est semé début octobre après un travail superficiel du sol et récolté début mai avant le semis du maïs (fertilisation de 20-30 m3/ha de digestat au printemps)
• Une séquence orge d’hiver –SORGHO– blé. Le sorgho non-irrigué (CIVE d’été) est semé après la moisson de l’orge fin juin (apport de digestat: 70 u/ha). Il est récolté début octobre et suivi d’un semis simplifié de blé (20-30 m3/ha de digestat après semis).
Pour s’assurer de la réussite agronomique, économique et environnementale, des besoins complémentaires en R&D ont été identifiés:
• Espèces adaptées en CIVE d’hiver.
• Stade optimal pour l’apport du digestat au printemps/espèce.
• Techniques et outils adaptés pour semis dans le précédent.
• Modèle technico-économique régional pour l’introduction de ces sequences.
To ensure the agronomic, economic and industry use of NFCs, additional R&D needs have been identified:
• To be able to sell your products, a close collaboration with the industry is necessary, aiming at producing products with a higher added value because of the local origin, rather than trying to compete with existing alternatives. E.g. hemp textiles or linseed oil based cosmetics. Research institutes as Rusthoeve en Wageningen Research can connect you with interested commercial partners.
• Production of showcase products on small scale will increase consumer awareness on locally produced biobased products creating demand and increased added value.
• Checking the technology readiness level for new value chains will help in deciding how long it will take before demand from industry will arise. TRL levels below 5 may take 5-10 years before commercialisation.
Om het agronomische, economische en industriële gebruik van NFC’s te waarborgen, zijn aanvullende R&D-behoeften vastgesteld:
• Om uw producten te kunnen verkopen, is een nauwe samenwerking met de industrie noodzakelijk, gericht op het produceren van producten met een hogere toegevoegde waarde door de lokale oorsprong, in plaats van te proberen te concurreren met bestaande alternatieven. Bijvoorbeeld henneptextiel of cosmetica op basis van lijnzaadolie. Onderzoeksinstituten als de Rusthoeve en Wageningen Research kunnen u in contact brengen met geïnteresseerde commerciële partners.
• De productie van showcaseproducten op kleine schaal zal de consument bewuster maken van lokaal geproduceerde biobased producten, waardoor de vraag en de toegevoegde waarde toenemen.
• Het controleren van het TRL-niveau voor nieuwe waardeketens zal helpen bij het bepalen hoe lang het zal duren voordat de vraag uit de industrie zal ontstaan. TRL-niveaus lager dan 5 kunnen 5-10 jaar duren voordat ze op de markt worden gebracht.
A variety of industrial non-food crops for bioenergy, biofuels and biobased products are being cultivated in the United Kingdom (mostly for Anaerobic Digestion and perennial crops for bioenergy and biofuels). Several new species, well adapted to the climate, ecology and agricultural systems in the country are also being examined in the context of delivering the future net zero bioeconomy. Recently the Climate Change Committee has recommended 260,000 of energy crops and 460,000 ha of new forest land to achieve net zero for 2035.
The discussions in the IBioIC conference focused on the opportunities for farmers to integrate industrial non-food crops to their cropping agendas and what are the knowledge gaps prevailing them from doing so. All stakeholders agreed that these crops are very important for the effective deployment of the national Bioeconomy Strategy for 2030. To do so it has been recommended to steer financial support for agriculture and innovation in order to:
• Introduce crop species and crop management options that can boost soil organic matter at farm scale.
• Boost crop productivity through controlled release of fertilisers, crop rotation, agroforestry (https://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/media/1700/agroforestry-in-england.pdf), etc.
• Develop farm-based supply chains that can use natural resources efficiently and contribute to deliver raw materials for energy and industrial applications.
• Integrate new industrial non-food crop options as feedstock for novel biorefineries operating in the country.
A variety of industrial non-food crops for bioenergy, biofuels and biobased products are being cultivated in the United Kingdom (mostly for Anaerobic Digestion and perennial crops for bioenergy and biofuels). Several new species, well adapted to the climate, ecology and agricultural systems in the country are also being examined in the context of delivering the future net zero bioeconomy. Recently the Climate Change Committee has recommended 260,000 of energy crops and 460,000 ha of new forest land to achieve net zero for 2035.
The discussions in the IBioIC conference focused on the opportunities for farmers to integrate industrial non-food crops to their cropping agendas and what are the knowledge gaps prevailing them from doing so. All stakeholders agreed that these crops are very important for the effective deployment of the national Bioeconomy Strategy for 2030. To do so it has been recommended to steer financial support for agriculture and innovation in order to:
• Introduce crop species and crop management options that can boost soil organic matter at farm scale.
• Boost crop productivity through controlled release of fertilisers, crop rotation, agroforestry (https://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/media/1700/agroforestry-in-england.pdf), etc.
• Develop farm-based supply chains that can use natural resources efficiently and contribute to deliver raw materials for energy and industrial applications.
• Integrate new industrial non-food crop options as feedstock for novel biorefineries operating in the country.
• The first one on oilseeds: sunflower and rapeseed are traditionally grown in Navarra, but the results of the camelina and flax trials were presented as an alternative. In particular, the need to evaluate the camelina potential in marginal lands was discussed. The difficulty in ending the oil flax value chain was also mentioned.
• The second workshop was about legumes and protein. In Navarra, the traditional crops are beans and peas. However, there is a growing demand for protein in the agri-food industries and bioindustries. For this reason, different legumes were evaluated in arid drylands. In mountain areas, it would be interesting to study the viability of lupins as a source of protein and oil for the bioindustry.
• The third workshop was on biomass and forages, where the opportunity of flax and hemp for textile fibre was discussed. INTIA has experience in the agronomic part of these crops, but it was mentioned that the problem lies in the commercialization. Extensive crops such as brassicas, cereals, thistle, and sorghum are an opportunity to feed the biomass industry. It was mentioned that the need of appropriate machinery represents a barrier for large volume harvest. The forages could represent an interesting opportunity to eliminate weeds in rotations, in addition to its value on bioproduct chain value.
• El primer taller puso el foco sobre las oleaginosas. En Navarra tradicionalmente se cultivan girasol y colza, y se presentaron como alternativa los resultados de los ensayos de camelina y lino. En concreto, se abordó la necesidad de evaluar el potencial de la camelina en tierras marginales. También fue mencionada la dificultad existente para completar la cadena de valor del lino oleaginoso.
• El segundo taller trató sobre leguminosas y proteína. En Navarra se trabaja tradicionalmente con habas y guisantes; no obstante, existe una creciente demanda de leguminosas por la industria agroalimentaria. Por ello, también se evaluaron otras leguminosas de interés en secanos áridos, como por ejemplo yeros y alverjones. En zonas de montaña, se propuso estudiar la viabilidad de los altramuces como fuente de proteína y aceite para la bioindustria.
• El tercer taller se desarrolló sobre biomasa y forrajes, señalándose la oportunidad que representan el lino y el cáñamo para fibra textil. INTIA tiene experiencia en la parte agronómica de estos cultivos, pero se mencionó que el problema está en la comercialización. Los cultivos extensivos como las brasicas, cereales, cardo y el sorgo, son una oportunidad para alimentar la industria de la biomasa. Se habló de que la necesidad de maquinaria adecuada representa una barrera para la recolección de grandes volúmenes. Los forrajes, además de entrar dentro de la cadena de valor de los bioproductos, pueden ser una oportunidad para eliminar malas hierbas.
Sugar beet is an interesting crop to replace fossil fuels and can deliver multiple biobased products such as ethanol and ethylene. For example, sugar beet produces more energy per ha than maize.
Together with the ACRRES (Application Center for Renewable RESources) institute a meeting was organized withe farmers and stakeholders to focus on the possibilities of the sugar beet crop as a replacement of fossil fuel derived products.
Sugar beet was considered to be a very interesting crop to replace fossil fuels. However, some challenges were identified:
• Costs for industry to start using sugar beet as an input,
• Acceptance of sugar beet to replace fuel products
• Low current price for sugar beet for growers
• Timing of harvest of sugar beets is not in line with year round industry needs and demand
To ensure the agronomic, economic and industry use of sugar beet, additional R&D needs have been identified:
• Development and assistance on policy aspects
• Financial incentives (production and industry)
• Value chain development
• Investment in technologies that can harvest and produce the sustainable products from sugar beet.
Suikerbieten zijn een interessant gewas ter vervanging van fossiele brandstoffen en kunnen meerdere biobased producten leveren zoals ethanol en ethyleen. Suikerbieten produceren bijvoorbeeld meer energie per ha dan maïs.
Samen met het ACRRES (Application Center for Renewable RESources) werd een bijeenkomst georganiseerd met boeren en stakeholders om te focussen op de mogelijkheden van het suikerbietengewas als alternatief voor fossiele brandstof afgeleide producten.
Suikerbieten werden beschouwd als een zeer interessant gewas ter vervanging van fossiele brandstoffen. Er werden echter enkele uitdagingen geïdentificeerd:
• Kosten voor de industrie om suikerbieten als input te gaan gebruiken,
• Aanvaarding van suikerbieten ter vervanging van brandstofproducten
• Lage huidige prijs voor suikerbieten voor teler
• Timing van de oogst van suikerbieten is niet in overeenstemming met de behoeften en de vraag van de industrie het hele jaar door
Om het agronomische, economische en industriële gebruik van suikerbieten te waarborgen, zijn aanvullende R&D-behoeften vastgesteld:
• Ontwikkeling en ondersteuning op beleidsaspecten
• Financiële prikkels (productie en industrie)
• farmers see the greatest potential for use in the cultivation of cereals, rape, lupine, willow, hemp or lavender,
• most farmers supported the development of special training materials on the cultivation of crops for non-food purposes,
• there is a need to develop guides for species grown on poor soils and crops resistant to drought,
• the need to increase the market for NFC and increase the profitability of their production,
• the need to reach smaller farmers in order to establish cooperatives producing NFC,
• lack of organization from the product to the consumer and coordination in the NFC,
• organizational chaos and the lack of transfer of theory into practice, and the need for stable policies and regulations appropriate for biomass producers, not just large companies
• rolnicy największy potencjał wykorzystania upatrują w uprawie zbóż, rzepaku, łubinu, wierzby, konopi czy lawendy,
• większość rolników opowiedziała się za opracowaniem specjalnych materiałów szkoleniowych nt. upraw roślin na cele nieżywnościowe,
• istnieje potrzeba opracowania poradników dla gatunków uprawianych na słabych glebach i odpornych na suszę,
• potrzeba zwiększenia rynku zbytu dla RNŻ i zwiększenie opłacalności ich produkcji,
• potrzeba dotarcia do mniejszych rolników, w celu zawierania spółdzielni gospodarzy produkujących RNŻ,
• brak organizacji od produktu do konsumenta i koordynacji w RNŻ,
• chaos organizacyjny i brak przełożenia teorii na praktykę oraz potrzeba stabilnego prawa i przepisów odpowiednich dla producentów biomasy, a nie tylko dla dużych firm.
Oil crops such as Camelina, Cardoon, Milk thistle, Hemp and Flax are very promising crops in Italy for non-food applications. These are multipurpose crops since different components can be enhanced from the same plant in order to increase the overall profitability.
For example, starting from cardoon in the Novamont biorefineries, the oil seeds are used for the production of bioplastics and biolubricants, the lignocellulosic biomass for energy production, the roots for inulin production and pappi for the production of cellulose. In the biorefinery processes of Cereal Docks, one of the industries attended the event; functional oils are obtained from Hemp seeds, while raw materials for nutraceuticals and cosmetics are obtained from Camelina.
In general, the crops analysed, showed no obstacles to their cultivation neither to the agronomic point of view nor from the point of view of mechanization. The participating industries confirmed their interest in these new productions offering supply chain contracts based on agreements in the pickup at an agreed price of the products with minimum quality requirements, meeting the considerable interest from the farmers involved.
Il crescente sviluppo delle industrie biobased e bioraffinerie in Italia sta spingendo la coltivazione di nuove colture non-food in sostituzione di colture poco redditizie.
Colture oleaginose quali camelina, crambe, cardo, cardo mariano, canapa e il lino sono molto promettenti in Italia per applicazioni non alimentari. Si tratta di colture multiuso, poichè dalla stessa pianta possono essere valorizzate diverse componenti al fine di incrementare la redditività complessiva della coltura.
Ad esempio, come sottolineato da Novamont, leader nella produzione di bioplastiche, a partire dal cardo sono utilizzati i semi oleaginosi per la produzione di bioplastiche e biolubrificanti, la biomassa lignocellulosica per la produzione di energia, le radici per la produzione di inulina ed i pappi per la produzione di cellulosa. Nei processi di bioraffineria di Cereal Docks, una tra le industrie intervenute, dai semi di Canapa si ottengono oli funzionali, mentre dalla Camelina materie prime per nutraceutica e cosmetica.
Tutte le colture analizzate, non hanno evidenziato difficoltà nella loro coltivazione nè dal punto di vista agronomico, nè dal punto di vista della meccanizzazione. Le industrie interveute hanno confermato l’iteresse verso queste produzioni innovative. I contratti di filiera proposti, basati su accordi di ritiro a prezzo concordato delle produzioni con requisiti minimi di qualità, hanno riscontrato notevole interesse da parte degli agricoltori intervenuti.
• A sorghum (ECC) of early variety sown after a barley late June-early July. Bring 40 m3/ha of digestate at sowing and 2 passages of water at 15 mm after sowing. After the sorghum harvest at the end of September and a superficial tillage, a rye (ECC) can be sown in early October at a high density with a digestate input at sowing. The rye is harvested at the end of April, followed by an early grain maize variety (type 170) just after harvest.
• A sequence barley - nyger/moha (Setaria italica)/sunflower mixture (ECC) - maize can also be considered but would offer lower yields.
To ensure the agronomic, economic & environmental success, additional R&D needs have been identified:
• Most adapted ECC species.
• Optimal stage for digestate input in spring.
• Techniques, decision rules and tools adapted for sowing in the previous crop.
• Technical and economic model based on regionalized recommendations for the introduction of these systems.
• Un sorgho (CIVE) précoce semé après une orge fin juin/début juillet. Apporter 40m3/ha de digestat au semis et 2 passages d’eau à 15 mm après le semis. Après récolte fin septembre et travail superficiel du sol, un seigle (CIVE) peut être semé début octobre à densité élevée avec apport de digestat au semis. Le seigle sera récolté fin avril et immédiatement suivi d’un maïs grain précoce (type 170).
• Une séquence orge- nyger/moha/tournesol (CIVE) -maïs peut aussi être envisagée malgré des rendements moindres.
Pour s’assurer de la bonne réussite agronomique, économique et environnementale des CIVE, des besoins complémentaires en R&D ont été identifiés:
• Espèces adaptées.
• Stade optimal pour l’apport de digestat au printemps.
• Techniques et outils pour semis dans le precedent.
• Modèle technico-économique adapté régionalement pour l’introduction de ces séquences.
žmonių besikeičiantys poreikiai ir gyvenimo būdas verčia ieškoti įvairesnių žemės ūkio augalų panaudojimo būdų ar net naujų, mažiau žinomų ir naudojamų augalų. Lietuvos klimato sąlygomis gali būti auginami ir didelio biomasės derlingumo augalai, pavyzdžiui, miskantai, pavėsiniai kiečiai, sidos, geltonžiedžiai legėstai, kurie gali būti vertingas lignoceliuliozės šaltinis. Tačiau dėl menko pramonės poreikio šie augalai nėra auginami ūkininkų, todėl verta papildomai dirbti su perdirbėjais, juos informuojant apie žemės ūkyje galimos užauginti biomasės potencialą. Lignoceliuliozinė biomasė gali būti naudojama bioplastikų ir kitų produktų gamybai, o tai reikšmingai prisidėtų prie šalies bioekonomikos sektoriaus augimo.
Dar viena svarbi agrobiomasės panaudojimo galimybė – energetikoje. Lietuvoje ji vyksta trimis pagrindinėmis kryptimis: biodujų, kietojo biokuro ir biodegalų gamyba bei panaudojimas. Bioenergetikai
gali būti naudojama ne tik biomasė, bet ir biomasės atliekos. Tos pačios tendencijos pastebimos visame Baltijos jūros regione, kuriame vyrauja panašios politinės, klimatinės ir dažnai ekonominės sąlygos. Mokymai agronomams (26-01-2021) pritraukė daugiau nei 20 dalyvių, kurie buvo mokomi ne maisto paskirties augalų auginimo subtilybių bei pakėlė savo kvalifikaciją.
• A winter ECC sequence (wheat - rye (ECC) - maize). Rye sown mid-September after a superficial tillage and harvested in early May before direct sowing of maize (fertilization of 20-30 m3/ha of digestate in spring).
• A summer ECC sequence (Winter barley oats/peas mixture as ECC - wheat). Mixture sown just after harvesting barley in early July, the mixture will be harvested in mid-October and followed by direct sowing of wheat (fertilization of 20-30 m3/ha of digestate after sowing).
To ensure the agronomic, economic, and environmental of ECCs, additional R&D needs have been identified:
• Most adapted ECC species.
• Dates of implementation.
• Impact of digestate inputs during fall and the species that make the best use of it.
• Need for comparative yield studies between species conducted alone or in mixture.
• Technical and economic model based on regionalized recommendations for the introduction of these systems.
• Une séquence blé – SEIGLE (CIVE) – maïs. La CIVE d’hiver est semée mi-septembre après un travail superficiel du sol et récoltée début mai avant le semis direct du maïs (fertilisation de 20-30 m3/ha de digestat au printemps).
• Une séquence orge d’hiver – AVOINE/POIS (CIVE) – blé. Le mélange CIVE d’été est implanté après la récolte de l’orge début juillet et récolté mi-octobre, suivi d’un semis direct de blé (fertilisation de 20-30m3/ha de digestat après semis).
Pour s’assurer de la réussite agronomique, économique et environnementale, des besoins complémentaires en R&D ont été identifiés:
• Espèces adaptées.
• Dates d’implantation.
• Impact des apports de digestat à l’automne.
• Étude comparative sur les rendements/espèce seule et en mélange modèle technico-économique adapté régionalement pour l’introduction de ces systems.
The opportunities offered by the cultivation of hemp highlighted by the Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna of Pisa for its many industrial applications are highly appreciated. In particular, the dual production of seeds and fibers makes cultivation sustainable and economically profitable.
The Lignocellulosic crops traditionally intended for energy production (SRF) have also attracted considerable interest for their profitability.
The technical visits to traditional and innovative conversion plants, highlighted the enormous opportunities to access to the market for biomass obtained from the crops analyzed in the classroom. The agronomists attended, stated that having learned of the existence of an important market demand for raw materials from more or less innovative crops, represents a decisive element for the promotion of such crops in areas where traditional crops are abandoned due to low income.
Molto apprezzate le opportunità offerte dalla coltivazione della canapa evidenziate dalla Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna di Pisa per le molteplici applicazioni industriali. In particolare la produzione duplice di semi e fibre rende la coltivazione sostenibilie ed economicamente remunerativa.
Anche le colture lignocellulosiche tradizionalmente destinate alla produzione di energia (SRF) hanno suscitato notevole interesse per la loro redditività. Le visite tecniche agli impianti di conversione, tradizionali e innovativi, hanno evidenziato le enormi opportunità di accesso al mercato delle biomasse ottenute dalle coltivazioni analizzate in aula. Gli agronomi intervenuti, hanno affermato che aver appreso dell’esistenza di una importante richiesta di mercato di materie prime da colture più o meno innovative, rappresenta un elemento decisivo per la promozione di tale colture in areali dove le colture tradizionali vengono abbandonate per lo scarso reddito.
In the case of hemp aimed at seeds production, the possible revenues vary from 2,000 to 2,400 €/ha, while the costs of harvesting, drying and cleaning of seeds are on average 1,200-1,500 €/ha. In the case of hemp for inflorescences production, in the face of higher revenues, the management costs are at least 50% of the revenues.
The technical visit carried out at 10-hectare hemp cultivation and at the annexed facilities aimed at inflorescences processing for cannabidiol (CBD) extraction was very fruitful. Farmers were able to check directly on the field the interesting economic opportunities of the inflorescence hemp supply chain.
Tra le colture analizzate, particolare interesse è stato rivolto alla canapa e alle potenzialità di mercato e di redditività delle filiere produttive maggiormente remunerative. I principali vantaggi evidenziati sono: una buona produttività; Il controllo delle infestanti di solito non necessario a grazie rapida crescita dopo l'emergenza; Coltivazione a ciclo breve, di facile introduzione in un sistema di rotazione colturale con legumi o cereali autunno-inverni; Raccolta meccanica con adattamento di mietitrebbie convenzionali; Coltura multiuso.
Nel caso di canapa destinata alla produzione di semi, i possibili ricavi dalla loro vendita variano da 2.000-2.400 €/ha, mentre i costi di raccolta, essiccazione e pulizia sono in media 1.200-1.500 €/ha. Nel caso della canapa per infiorescenze, a fronte di ricavi più elevati, i costi di gestione sono almeno il 50% dei ricavi.
La visita tecnica, svolta presso una coltivazione di 10 ettari di canapa da infiorescenze e alle strutture annesse, finalizzate alla lavorazione dei fiori e della biomassa per l'estrazione del cannabidiolo (CBD) è stata molto proficua, permettendo agli agricoltori di verificare direttamente sul campo gli argomenti appresi in aula e di trovare riscontro sulle interessanti opportunità economiche della filiera della canapa da infiorescenze.
• The first block focused on the regulations specifying the definition of primary crops or dedicated crops, the ECC and their intake limit in anaerobic digestors. These exchanges made it possible to identify the interests of agronomists and farmers as well as to answer the questions asked by trainees.
• Another sequence enabled to build crop sequences based on the sharing of experience and feedbacks of the participants.
• A third sequence deepened the agronomic interests and management methods of digestates, co-products generated by the methanation process.
• A final session dealt with the technical, economic, and environmental evaluation of these crop sequences with practical exercises to calculate the production costs and margins of these innovative cycles.
These workgroups were supplemented by the presentation of the results from various research programmes on this thematic. Comparisons of ECC with perennial crops (miscanthus, switchgrass, cup-plant) or other co-products such as chaff were discussed with the presentation of the PANACEA thematic network. These training sessions highlighted the regulatory uncertainty on this definition and the control of ECC. The need for regionalised recommendations and the facilitated access to feedbacks also emerged.
En réponse, quatre sessions de formation ont été organisées en France dans le cadre du projet PANACEA et de la dynamique de développement de la méthanisation à la ferme à base de CIVE.
Dates: 14/01/20 – 5 & 6/02/20 – 5/03/20.
Les formations ont associé 30 agronomes et 20 agriculteurs dans des sessions de 14 personnes maximum afin de favoriser les échanges et travaux de groupes. Chaque formation a été organisée autour de séquences spécifiques pour former les participants à :
• La réglementation et à la définition des cultures principales ou cultures dédiées, des CIVE et de leur limite d’incorporation dans les méthaniseurs.
• La conception et au pilotage de séquences de culture avec CIVE sur la base de retours d’expérience
• L’évaluation de l’impact des CIVE et des modes de gestion des digestats, coproduits de la méthanisation.
• L’évaluation de l’intérêt technico-économique et environnemental avec des exercices de calcul de coûts de production et marges de ces séquences innovantes.
Ces recommandations techniques doivent être mises en œuvre selon le contexte pédo-climatique, nécessitant ainsi une étude supplémentaire au cas par cas, notamment d’identification (i) de la place potentielle des CIVE dans la succession de culture ; (ii) des espèces et variétés adaptées à ces successions et risques bioclimatiques ; (iii) du calcul du coût de production (€/tMS et €/MWh) selon la méthode d’intégration des charges. Ces coûts de production permettent de se comparer à d’autres ressources étudiées dans PANACEA et abordées en formation.
To communicate interactively on these stakes and contribute to the training of agricultural actors, a one-day trial visit of energy catch crops (ECC) plots was organised in Le Petit Auverné (Pays de la Loire, in the West of the mainland) as part of the PANACEA and RECITAL projects.
Seventeen farmers and advisors gathered on this test plot. Twelve strips of energy catch crops were compared in actual field-testing conditions, implemented, and monitored with farm equipment. The field visit made it possible to compare on the plot a few days before the harvest, the biomass potential of these catch crops and their adaptation to local conditions.
Discussions with farmers focused on:
• How to establish and secure the emergence of these crops sown in early summer.
• The ease of establishment and the ability of the cover crops to compete with weeds.
• Climate adaptation when seeing strips of few etiolated species with a high risk of lodging.
• Late harvest inherent risks.
In response to these questions, the recommendations for the region are :
• Implementation of these crops must be as early as possible, before 10th of July.
• Irrigation is a real opportunity in constrained situations to ensure proper emergence (1 to 2 passes for a total of 35 mm).
• There is no point in pushing back the harvest date beyond 1st of October, with higher risks of lodging and insufficient climatic conditions for these species.
Pour communiquer de manière interactive sur ces enjeux et contribuer à la formation des acteurs agricoles, une journée de visite d’essai de CIVE d’été a été organisée le 6/10/20 au Petit Auverné (Pays de la Loire) dans le cadre des projets PANACEA et RECITAL.
17 agriculteurs et conseillers se sont réunis sur cette parcelle d’essai. 12 bandes de cultures intermédiaires étaient comparées en situation réelle, implantées et suivies avec du matériel de ferme.
La visite a permis de comparer sur pied, quelques jours avant la récolte, le potentiel biomasse de ces intercultures et l’adaptation aux conditions locales.
Les discussions avec les agriculteurs ont particulièrement porté sur :
• L’implantation et la sécurisation de la levée de ces parcelles semées en début d’été.
• La facilité d’implantation et la faculté du couvert à concurrencer les adventices.
• L’offre climatique face à quelques espèces étiolées avec un fort risque de verse.
• Les risques inhérents aux récoltes tardives.
- sown in early spring;
- young plants are resistant to frost;
- seed rate 6-12 kg ha-1;
- can be grown in poorly fertile soil;
- does not require a significant contribution to the protection of plants against diseases and pests;
- seeds contain up to 42%, oil and can therefore be used as oilseeds;
- oil can be used for food, but also for non-food purposes – machinery oil production, biofuels.
It should be noted that currently camelina is not very popular in Lithuania. The discussion explained the reasons why these plants are not so popular in our country and what are the main barriers to their development. In the round table discussion "Is camelina a promising plant?", The participants identified the problems to be solved and the research needed when growing seed drills:
- Low seed yields, especially in spring varieties;
- The problem of crop weeds; there are no herbicides suitable for controlling weeds after germination and in the first stages of their growth;
- Seed cleaning problem; it is difficult to distinguish plant seeds from weed seeds by traditional methods;
- Market problem.
- sėjamos anksti pavasarį;
- jauni augalai nejautrūs šalnoms;
- sėklos norma 6-12 kg ha-1;
- gali būti auginamos menkai derlingame dirvožemyje;
- nereikalauja didelio indėlio augalų apsaugai nuo ligų ir kenkėjų;
- sėjamųjų judrų sėklose yra iki 42 proc. aliejaus, todėl gali būti naudojami, kaip aliejiniai augalai;
- aliejus gali būti naudojamas maistui, tačiau taip pat ne maisto paskirčiai – alyvos gamybai, biodegalams.
Pastebėtina, kad šiuo metu sėjamosios judros nėra labai populiarios Lietuvoje. Diskusijos metu buvo aiškinamasi priežastys, kodėl šie augalai nėra tokie populiarūs mūsų šalyje ir kokie pagrindiniai barjerai jų plėtrai. Apskritojo stalo diskusijoje „Ar sėjamosios judros perspektyvus augalas?“, dalyviai identifikavo spręstinas problemas auginant sėjamąsias judras:
- Mažas sėklų derlius, ypač vasarinių judrų;
- Pasėlio piktžolėtumo problema; nėra herbicidų, tinkančių naikinti piktžoles augalams sudygus ir pirmuosiuose jų augimo tarpsniuose;
- Sėklų išvalymo problema; sunku atskirti augalų sėklas nuo piktžolių sėklų tradiciniais metodais;
- Rinkos problema.
- a strong, adaptable plant;
- grows rapidly (up to 3-4 m in 100-140 days),
- high biomass yield is possible (9-10 t of dry mass per ha);
- excellent weed control, so very little pesticides are needed;
- suitable for crop rotation in crop rotations,
- is an environmentally friendly plant not only due to the low amount of pesticides used, but also absorbs a lot of CO2;
- Up to 50,000 different products can be made from hemp grown for fiber.
For economic and environmental benefits, the choice of hemp grown should consider:
- choice of plant variety (varieties with a short vegetation season that are more suitable in Lithuania);
- decide on the intended use of hemp (fiber, extraction of active substances);
- to choose cultivation agrotechnology according to the chosen use purpose (seeding rate, fertilization ect.);
- choose of harvesting equipment;
- to find potential buyers of products in advance.
- stiprus, prisitaikantis augalas;
- greitai auga (iki 3-4 m per 100-140 d.),
- galimas didelis biomasės derlius (9-10 t sausos masės iš ha);
- puikiai stelbia piktžoles, todėl reikalingas labai mažai pesticidų kiekis;
- tinka augalų rotacijai sėjomainose,
- yra draugiškas aplinkai augalas ne tik dėl mažo joms naudojamų pesticidų kiekio, bet ir sugeriantis daug CO2;
- iš pluoštinių kanapių gali būti pagaminama net iki 50 000 įvairių produktų.
Siekiant ekonominės ir aplinkosauginės naudos, renkantis pluoštinių kanapių auginimą reikėtų atsižvelgti į:
- augalų veislės pasirinkimą (Lietuvoje labiau tinkamos trumpo vegetacijos sezono veislės);
- nuspręsti, kokiai paskirčiai bus auginamos pluoštinės kanapės (pluoštui, veikliųjų medžiagų išskyrimui);
- pagal pasirinktą paskirtį parinkti auginimo agrotechnologiją;
- pasirūpinti derliaus nuėmimo technika;
- iš anksto rasti galimus produkcijos supirkėjus.
First, PANACEA project was presented, introducing some agronomic features of the crops with which it is being worked (miscanthus, calendula, sorghum, camelina, etc.). Later, the situation and perspectives in relation to the bioeconomy and the bioproducts market were discussed. On the other hand, the different varieties of camelina that have been developed in recent years were presented by Camelina Company together with the potential that this crop has in Spain and the interest of this company in reaching farmers interested in diversification. Afterwards, the Navarre Institute for Transfer and Innovation in the Agri-food Sector (INTIA) provided relevant information on the possibilities of flax, aromatic crops and their experience with rotations and biomass. In relation to aromatic crops, the success case of Josenea company was presented and visited. Josenea is a non-profit company which, from only three hectares onwards, has managed to position itself in a few years as a reference in the sector, reaching a turnover of 1 M €/year and exporting most of its products in international markets. During the course of the visit, the demand for raw materials by the bio-products market was highlighted, providing a clear opportunity for all those farmers and cooperatives interested in diversification.
• camelina, grown in Poland since the Bronze Age, resistant to drought and most diseases, has low nutrient requirements, yields seeds from 1.0 to 2.5 t/ha with a high content of gondoic acid (for production of plasticizers, lubricants, resins, composites, biofuels),
• Ethiopian mustard, which is resistant to drought, yields from 1.2 to 2.5 t/ha and is rich in erucic acid (production of lubricants or biofuels),
• field pennycress with low nutritional requirements, seed yield 1-2 t/ha, oil content in seeds 26-36% and high content of erucic acid (up to 36%) and gondoic acid (10%) (lubricants, biofuels),
• Andean lupine, which binds nitrogen from the air, with a seed yield of 2.5-3.0 t/ha, protein content 40-45% and oil content about 20% (probiotics and cosmetics),
• Russian dandelion tested due to the better properties of rubber than that obtained from rubber tree and the possibility of rubber production in Europe (root yield 0.5-1.0 t/ha) (tire production).
Participants also suggested topics and directions for new training materials and future meetings, i.e. policies for agriculture in Poland, taking into account the upcoming climate changes. Moreover, most of the advisers expressed their willingness to undertake study visits to the fields with NFC crops. Examples of the use of NFC in local and global business were also mentioned in the aspect of future trainings.
• lnianka siewna, uprawiana w Polsce od epoki brązu, odporna na suszę i większość chorób, ma niskie wymagania na składniki pokarmowe, daje plony nasion od 1.0 do 2,5 t/ha o dużej zawartości kwasu gondoinowego (produkcja, plastyfikatorów, smarów, żywic, kompozytów, biopaliw),
• gorczyca etiopska, która jest odporna na suszę, daje plony od 1,2 do 2,5 t/ha i jest bogata w kwas erukowy (produkcji smarów czy biopaliw),
• tobołki polne o niskich wymaganiach pokarmowych, plonie nasion 1-2 t/ha, zawartości oleju w nasionach 26-36% i wysokiej zawartości kwasu erukowego (do 36%) i gondoinowego (10%) (smary, biopaliwa),
• łubin andyjski, który wiąże azot z powietrza, o plonie nasion 2,5-3,0 t/ha, zawartości białka 40-45% i zawartości oleju ok 20% (probiotyki i kosmetyki),
• mniszek kok-sagiz testowany z uwagi na lepsze właściwości gumy niż uzyskiwane z kauczukowca oraz możliwość produkcji kauczuku w Europie (plon korzenia 0,5-1,0 t/ha) (produkcja opon).
Uczestnicy zaproponowali również tematy i kierunki dotyczące nowych materiałów i przyszłych spotkań t.j. działań dla rolnictwa w Polsce z uwzględnieniem nadchodzących zmian klimatycznych. Ponadto większość doradców wyraziła wolę odbycia wizyt studyjnych na polach z uprawami RNŻ. Często wymienianym aspektem dalszych szkoleń mogłyby być również przykłady wykorzystania RNŻ w biznesie lokalnym i globalnym.
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