Integrating trees into horticultural systems offers the opportunity to diversify the business and create environmental benefits. But in many agroforestry systems, the area between the trees and under the tree canopy is an overlooked and underutilised space: unmanaged, this can create weed problems.

The space between the trees can be put to productive use through planting crops that are adapted to shady conditions: Growing additional crops in the tree understorey makes more efficient use of all available land and should increase the overall productivity of the farm. In addition, when managed correctly, the tree understorey can be a resource for biodiversity, providing a habitat for beneficial insects and a food resource for crop pollinators.

Understorey crop and management options for horticultural agroforestry systems can include cut flowers, rhubarb and globe artichokes, which thrive in the shade and can be sold alongside other products produced .

Perennial crops, such as rhubarb and daffodils, require minimal management after their establishment. In addition, daffodils bloom early in the spring and therefore support pollinators early in the season. Most rhubarb plants will produce good yields of high quality rhubarb for at least four years, while daffodils can last much longer. Good crop management and control of perennial weeds can extend the life of the plants.

The understorey can also be sown with wild flowers, with species chosen to attract pollinators and provide habitat for beneficial predators.